Hardware and Software

SHAHABUDDIN
MS Scholar, Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar
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AGENDA
 INTRODUCTION
 HARDWARE
 TYPES OF HARDWARE
 SOFTWARE
 TYPES OF SOFTWARE

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INTRODUCTION
A computer is an electronic device that accept data (input) and process data
arithmetically and logically, produce information (output).

It is divided into two main categories

 HARDWARE
 SOFTWARE 3
Hardware
Hardware is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other
devices.
It includes not only the computer proper but also the cables, connectors, power
supply units, and peripheral devices such as the keyboard, mouse, audio
speakers, and printers.

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Types of Hardware
Internal Hardware
Internal hardware is also called components. It includes
 CPU
 Motherboard
 RAM
 ROM

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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
 It is the brains of the computer.
 Most of the calculations take place here.
 Two typical components of a CPU are
 Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU) And Control Unit (CU).

MOTHERBOARD
 Is the main circuit board of a microcomputer.
 It contains the CPU, memory, expansion slots
and all the controllers required to control standard hardware devices.

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RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
 RAM is the place in a computer where the operating system,
application programs, and data in current use are kept.
 It is a temporary memory and can be compared to a person’s short- term memory.

READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)

 It is a technology that allows you to write data only once.
After the data has been written , you can read it an unlimited number of times.

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Input Hardware
Input hardware consist of external devices by which we give information and instruction to the
computer.
Common input hardware are:

 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Scanner
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KEYBOARD
The set of typewriter-like keys that enables
you to enter data into a computer.

MOUSE
A device that controls the movement of
the cursor or printer on a display screen

Scanner
A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper
and translate the information into a form the computer can use.

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Output Hardware
Output hardware consists of internal and external devices that transfer information from the
computer’s CPU to the computer user.
Common output hardware are
 Monitor
 Printer
 Speaker

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Monitor
A display screen used to present output from a computer,
video camera, VCR or other video generator.

Printer
In computers, a printer is a device that accepts text and
graphic output from a computer and transfers the information to paper.

Speaker
Speakers or headphones to an output port to
hear the audio produced by the computer.

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Connecting Hardware
Connecting device allow hardware devices to communicate with each other.
Common devices are:

 Modem
 LAN Card

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MODEM
Modems connect a personal or portable computer
to dial-up networks through a regular telephone line.

LAN CARD
A Local Area Network (LAN) card is used to provide wireless
Internet access to computer users in home or roaming networks.

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Storage Hardware
A computer storage device is any type of hardware that stores data.
Some common storage devices are:

 Hard Disc
 Floppy Disc
 CD ROM

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HARD DISC
A magnetic disk on which you can store computer data.
The term hard is used to distinguish it from a soft, or Floppy disk.

FLOOPY DISC
A flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic material
and covered by a protective jacket, used primarily by
computers to store data magnetically.

CD ROM
A CD-ROM is a CD that can be read by a computer
with an optical drive.

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Software
 A set of instructions that enables physical components of a computer to work in synchronize way
is known as Software.
 This set of instructions is often called a program.
 Computers cannot do any useful work without instructions from software.

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Types of Software
Computer Software is also divided in four major types.

 System Software
 Programming Software
 Application Software
 Utility Software

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System Software
System Software helps in running the computer hardware and the computer system.
main system Software's are

 Operating Systems
 Devices Drivers

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Application Software
It enables the users to accomplish certain specific tasks.
Following are the types of application software.

Web Browsing Software

It allows one to surf the Web .Example MS Internet Explorer.

Word Processing Software

Allows users to create, edit a document,. Example MS Word.

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Spreadsheet Software
Allow users to create document and perform calculation.
Examples: MS Excel etc.

Database Software
Allows users to store and retrieve vast amount of data.
Example: MS Access etc.

Presentation Graphics Software

Allows users to create visual presentation.
Example MS Power Point

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Utility Software
Utility Software helps in the management of computer
hardware and application software. It performs a small
range of tasks. Some typical examples of utility software are:

Disk Defrag mentors

It detect computer files whose contents are stored on the
hard disk in disjointed fragments and move the fragments 21

together to increase efficiency.

Backup
This utility make a copy of all information stored on a disk
and restore either the entire disk or selected files.

Disk Partitioned
It divide an individual drive into multiple logical drives each
with its own file system which can be mounted by the
operating system and treated as an individual drive.

Anti-virus
These utilities scan computer for viruses.

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Programming Software
This is one of the most known and popularly used form of computer software. These software come
in forms of tools that assist a programmer in writing computer programs.
The tools that help the programmers in instructing a computer system include

 Text Editors
 Compilers
 Interpreters

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