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MMPİ

The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales were developed to address issues with the original MMPI-2 clinical scales, namely high intercorrelations and item overlap that reduced their construct validity. The RC scales have lower intercorrelations and assess more focused clinical constructs. Studies show the RC scales have convergent and discriminant validity equal to or better than the original clinical scales. They provide a more clear assessment of the core components measured by each clinical scale.

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100% found this document useful (2 votes)
306 views33 pages

MMPİ

The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales were developed to address issues with the original MMPI-2 clinical scales, namely high intercorrelations and item overlap that reduced their construct validity. The RC scales have lower intercorrelations and assess more focused clinical constructs. Studies show the RC scales have convergent and discriminant validity equal to or better than the original clinical scales. They provide a more clear assessment of the core components measured by each clinical scale.

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852456mmmm
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MMPI-2 Restructured

Clinical Scales
(RC) Scales
William P. Wattles
Francis Marion University
Invalid protocols
 Cannot say >30
 VRIN or TRIN ≥80

 F or F(p) ≥100
 Fb ≥ 110
 L ≥ 80
 K ≥ 75
MMPI-2
 Good for measuring:
– Personality characteristics
– Behavioral tendencies
– Emotional functioning
– Psychopathology symptoms
Problem: MMPI-2 Clinical Scales
highly intercorrelated
 Hinders construct validity
 Empirical keying
– convergent
– Discriminant
 Current Techniques
– Code types
– Harris Lingoes scales
– Supplementary scales
Construct Validity
 Theextent to which a measurement
method accurately represents a
construct and produces an
observation distinct from that
produced by a measure of another
construct.
Convergent and discriminant
validity
 Convergent and discriminant validity
are both considered subcategories or
subtypes of construct validity.
Convergent and discriminant
validity
 Ingeneral we want convergent
correlations to be as high as possible
and discriminant ones to be as low
as possible.
Discriminant validity
 Toestablish discriminant validity,
you need to show that measures that
should not be related are in reality
not related.
Convergent Validity
 To establish convergent validity, you
need to show that measures that
should be related are in reality
related.
 Thus, those with elevated scale 4
have been shown to have more
arrests.
Problem: MMPI-2 Clinical Scales
significant item overlap
 The average number of overlapping
items per pair of the ten clinical sales
is 6.4 items.
 Examples
– 7-8 (17)
– 2-7 (13)
– 2-3 (13)
– 6-8 (13)
– 4-0 (11)
Problem: MMPI-2 Clinical Scales
highly intercorrelated
A factor called anxiety, general
maladjustment or emotion distress
explains much of the variance among
scales.
Floating profiles.
 Intercorrelations result in most or all
scales being elevated making it
difficult to determine which scale to
focus on.
Demoralization Scale (RCd)
 This factor is removed from the other
scales
 Items selected for relevancy to core
of each scale
 Items selected for
– Convergence, high correlation with scale
– Discrimination, low correlations with
other scales.
Restructured Scales
Intercorrelations
 Page 157
 Intercorrelations are reduced.

 For example
– Scale 1 and Scale 2 =.56
– Scale RC1 and RC2 = .27
– Scale 7 and Scale 2 = .65
– RC7 and RC2 =.31
MMPI-2 RESTRUCTURED CLINICAL SCALES PROFILE
Clinical Scale 2
 After
demoralization is removed a
low positive emotionality component
emerged.
– Consistent with theories seeing this as
the core of depression.
Clinical Scale 3
 When RCd removed 3 components
left:
– Somatization
– Extraversion
– Naivete
 Naivete
negatively correlated with
psychopathology
RC scales evaluation
 They show convergent validity equal to or
superior to the clinical scales and the
content scales.
 They often offer a substantial
improvement over clinical scales
discriminant validity. (not being
significantly correlated to unrelated
characteristics.)
 The RC scales provide a more clearly
focused assessment of the primary
distinctive components of the Clinical
Scales.
Interpretation of RC scales
 RC scale tells about elevations in the
core construct.
 Clinical scale may include other
characteristics as well
RCd Demorilization
 High scores (T≥65)
– Discouraged
– Poor self-esteem
– Pessimistic
– Expect to fail
– Overwhelmed
– incapable
RC1 Somatic complaints
 High scores (T≥65)
– Large number of physical complaints
– Chronic pain
– Preoccupied with bodily functions
– Resistant to psychological explanations
– Develop physical symptoms in response
to psychological difficulties
RC2 Low Positive Emotions
 High scores (T≥65)
– Lack of positive emotional engagement
in life
– Lack energy
– Difficulty taking charge or making
decisions
– Inroverted, passive, withdrawn
– Bored isolated
– Low expectations of success
RC3 Cynicism
 Low scores
High scores (≤40)
(T≥65)
 Naïve
See others as:
– untrustworthy
 Gullible
– Uncaring
 Overly trusting
– exploitive
RC4 Antisocial Behavior
 High scores (T≥65)
 Difficult to conform to societal norms
 Difficulties with the law
 Increased risk for substance abuse
 Aggressive
 Conflictual relationships
 Seen as critical, argumentative, angry,
antagonistic.
 Problems in school and work
RC6 Ideas of persecution
 High scores (T≥65)
 Feel targeted, controlled and
victimized by others.
 Suspicious, difficulty trusting
RC7 Dysfunctional Negative
Emotions
 High scores (T≥65)
 Anxiety and irritability

 Often have intrusive, unwanted thoughts

 Insecure

 Sensitive to perceived criticism

 Ruminate and brood about failures

 Passive and submissive in relationships


RC8 Aberrant experiences
 High scores (T≥65)
 Sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and
motor disturbances suggestive of
psychosis.
 Hallucinations
 Delusions
 Scores above 75 suggest
schizophrenia, delusional disorder.
RC9 Hypomanic activation
 High scores (T≥65)
 Thought racing

 High energy levels

 Heightened mood & irritability

 Aggressive, poor impulse control

 Sensation seekers, risk takers

 Above 75 suggest bipolar, manic episode

 60-70 extraverted with energy


Validity
 Therestructured clinical scales
provide the most parsimonious
assessment of psychopathic
personality traits.
Incremental Validity
 Some overlap of present content and
supplementary scales.
– RC1 Correlates .95 with health concerns
– RC3 correlates .93 with cynicism
content scale
– RCd correlates .95 with Welsh’s Anxiety
Scale
Summary
 The RC scales represent a modest
psychometric improvement over the
standard clinical scales
 Partial success at removing
nonspecific distress variance makes
profiles easier to interpret
 New scales need no data for
interpretation

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