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Femsahpefunc

This document discusses numerical integration and finite element shape functions. It covers 1D and 2D linear elements and their shape functions. It also discusses the Jacobian matrix which is used to transform derivatives between local and global coordinate systems. Numerical integration is performed on the local element using Gauss-Legendre quadrature, which approximates integrals as weighted sums of function values at specific integration points. The Jacobian is also used to transform integration boundaries between local and global domains.

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42 views25 pages

Femsahpefunc

This document discusses numerical integration and finite element shape functions. It covers 1D and 2D linear elements and their shape functions. It also discusses the Jacobian matrix which is used to transform derivatives between local and global coordinate systems. Numerical integration is performed on the local element using Gauss-Legendre quadrature, which approximates integrals as weighted sums of function values at specific integration points. The Jacobian is also used to transform integration boundaries between local and global domains.

Uploaded by

shmye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 7

INTERPOLATION FUNCTION AND


NUMERICAL INTEGERATION

1
1D LINEAR ELEMENT
1. Kronecker delta property: The shape function at any node
has a value of 1 at that node and a value of zero at ALL other
nodes.
1 1
x2 - x x - x1
N 1 (x)  N 2 (x) 
x 2  x1 x 2  x1
x1 x2 x
El #1
Check
x2 - x
N1 (x) 
x 2  x1
x 2 - x1
 N1 (x  x1 )  1
x 2  x1
x2 - x2
and N1 (x  x 2 )  0
x 2  x1
The approximation is continuous across element boundaries
x3 - x x - x2
d (2) (x)  d 2x  d 3x
x3  x2 x3  x2
x2 - x x - x1
d(x) 1  d1x  d 2x
x 2  x1 x 2  x1

x1 x2 x
El #1 El #2 x3
Completeness

N1 (x)  N 2 (x)  1 for all x


N1 (x)x1  N 2 (x)x 2  x for all x
x2 - x
Use the expressions N1 (x)  ;
x 2  x1
x - x1
N 2 (x) 
x 2  x1
And check
x2 - x x - x1
N1 (x)  N 2 (x)   1
x 2  x1 x 2  x1
x2 - x x - x1
and N1 (x) x1  N 2 (x) x 2  x1  x2  x
x 2  x1 x 2  x1
1D LINEAR SHAPE FUNCTIONS ON MASTER ELEMENT

1 1

N1
N2

1 2 

Node at which N1 is 0

N (x) 
1-  
1
2

N 2 (x) 
  1 
2
1D QUADRATIC MASTER ELEMENT
7
A slightly fancier assumption:
displacement varying quadratically inside each bar
N 2 ( ) N 3 ( )
N1 ( )

1 1 
3
El #1

d  N1 ( )d1  N 2 ( )d 2  N 3 ( )d 3

This is a quadratic finite element in


1D and it has three nodes and three
associated shape functions per element.
2D elements - bilinear element

v3
4 3
u3
v4
η v2 η
ζ
u4 u2
ζ

v1
y
u1 1 2
x

9
2D linear rectangular element

10
Shape Functions of rectangular
linear element
Bilinear element has shape
functions generated by multiplying linear
expressions in ζ and η direction. Due to
multiplication, the product is not a linear function:
N1 = Nζ1 . Nη1 = (1 - ζ).(1 - η ) / 4
N2 = Nζ2 . Nη1 = (1 + ζ).(1 - η ) / 4
N3 = Nζ2 . Nη2 = (1 + ζ).(1 + η ) / 4
, N . N = (1 - ζ).(1 + η ) / 4
N4 = ζ1 η2

11
Quadartic rectangular element

12
Finite Element Method by G. R. Liu and S. S. Quek
,

13
Finite Element Method by G. R. Liu and S. S. Quek
Linear Triangular Element

14
Finite Element Method by G. R. Liu and S. S. Quek
Jacobian Matrix
It is used to transformer the derivatives of shape
function from global to local coordinate system

15
Inverse of Jacobian Matrix
It is used to transformer the derivatives of shape
function from local to global coordinate system

16
Elements of Jacobian Matrix

The determinant of f Jacobean Matrix is used t0


transformer the integral from local to global
coordinates.
,

17
,

18
Numerical Integration
Two types of elements
Global element Local element

•Spatial derivatives of •Shape functions defined


here
shape functions
needed here (in
matrices K ) •Numerical integration
performed on local
•Integration element (using Gauss-
Legendre quadrature)
boundaries given here.
Transformation of spatial
derivatives
Global element Local element

•Spatial derivatives of
•Spatial derivatives of
shape functions
shape functions

Transformation he
J i s t at r i x
i a n m
Ja c ob
Transformation of integration
boundaries
Local element
Global element
•Integration boundaries
•Integration
boundaries

i s t he
J a t r i x
i a n m
Ja c ob
Tranasformation
Numerical integration

Approximating integral as summation

Can be rearranged and written as by defining Wi


Gauss-Legendre quadrature
• The integeration is carried between 1 and -1
• In 1D (n=3):

• In 2D (nip=9):
Gauss-Legendre quadrature

The integral is transformed to integration over master element


Integration points and weights

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