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Intro - Embedded Systrems

Embedded systems are computing systems embedded within electronic devices. Microcontrollers are commonly used in embedded systems as they integrate a processor core, memory, and input/output ports onto a single chip. This allows embedded systems to be controlled with minimal external components. Microcontrollers are designed to operate with minimum external circuitry and have simple instruction sets and ability to perform operations on single bits, making them well-suited for embedded control applications.

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Dr-Samson Chepuri
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17 views

Intro - Embedded Systrems

Embedded systems are computing systems embedded within electronic devices. Microcontrollers are commonly used in embedded systems as they integrate a processor core, memory, and input/output ports onto a single chip. This allows embedded systems to be controlled with minimal external components. Microcontrollers are designed to operate with minimum external circuitry and have simple instruction sets and ability to perform operations on single bits, making them well-suited for embedded control applications.

Uploaded by

Dr-Samson Chepuri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS OVERVIEW
 Embedded computing systems:
 Computing systems embedded within electronic devices.
 Hard to define. Nearly any computing system other than a
desktop computer.
 Billions of units produced yearly, versus millions of desktop
units.
 Perhaps 50 per household and per automobile.

2
ADVANTAGES OF MICROPROCESSOR-
BASED
 Replacement of discrete logic-based circuits.
 Provide functional upgrades.

 Provide easy maintenance upgrades.

 Improve mechanical performance.

 Protection of intellectual property (IP).

 Replacement of analog circuits.

3
EMBEDDED SYSTEM 
MICROCONTROLLER
 Embedded systems are mainly intended to
provide control over the behavior of the system
into which they are housed.
 Therefore, it is customary to talk about an embedded
controller rather than an embedded processor.
 It does process information but mainly for the purpose of
control.

4
CONTD..
 When all hardware required to run the
application is provided on one chip, it is referred
to as an embedded microcontroller or in short
microcontroller.

5
WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER ?
 A microcontroller
is a single chip microprocessor
system which contains:

 A processor core.
 Data and program memory.
 Serial and parallel I/O.
 Timers.
 External and internal interrupt handling mechanism.

all integrated into a single chip.

6
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A
MICROPROCESSOR
 A microprocessor consists of an ALU to perform
arithmetic and logic manipulations, registers,
and a control unit.
 In addition,
it has some
interfaces to
the outside
world in the
form of busses.

7
CONTD..
 What is missing?
 Memory and the peripherals.

8
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A
MICROCOMPUTER

 Too much.
 For the limited applications intended, this system has
too much of everything.
 Meaning – too expensive.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A
MICROCONTROLLER
 It is the specialized circuitry compared to the
microprocessor that makes the microcontroller
such a unique device.
 The microcontroller
operates on data that
is fed in through its
serial or parallel input
ports controlled by
the software stored
in the on-chip
memory.
10
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE
MICROCONTROLLER
 All
of the additional functions built into the
microcontroller would normally require
additional circuitry external to the
microprocessor.
 I/O
Ports.
 Memory.

 Someof these functions would normally be


implemented in software.
 Counters, timers.

11
MICROCONTROLLER VS.
MICROPROCESSOR
 Microprocessor (mP):
 Designed to perform as a CPU in a microcomputer system.
 The instruction set is arranged to allow code and large
amounts of data to be moved between the mP and the external
memory and registers.
 Operations on not less than four bits.

12
CONTD..
 Microcontroller (mC):
 Designed to operate with minimum of external circuitry.
 Simple instruction set (255 instructions).
 Operations possible on single bits !

13
ADVANTAGES OF USING
MICROCONTROLLERS
 Fast and effective
 The architecture correlates closely with the problem being
solved (control systems).
 Low cost / Low power
 High level of system integration within one component.
 Only a handful of components needed to create a working
system.

14
CONTD..
 Compatibility
 Opcodes and binaries are the SAME for all 80x51 variants.
 Multi-sourced
 Over 12 manufacturers, hundreds of varieties.
 Constant improvements
 Improvements in silicon/design increase speed and power
annually.

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