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ch7 2

This document discusses nodal analysis and Y-Δ (T-π) and Δ-Y (π-T) circuit conversions. Nodal analysis uses Kirchhoff's current law to develop equations relating the voltages at nodes in an electrical circuit. Key steps include identifying nodes, choosing a reference node, and applying KCL at each node. Y-Δ and Δ-Y conversions allow transforming between circuit configurations containing Y or Δ branches, in order to solve for unknown quantities when mesh or nodal analysis cannot be directly applied.

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28 views18 pages

ch7 2

This document discusses nodal analysis and Y-Δ (T-π) and Δ-Y (π-T) circuit conversions. Nodal analysis uses Kirchhoff's current law to develop equations relating the voltages at nodes in an electrical circuit. Key steps include identifying nodes, choosing a reference node, and applying KCL at each node. Y-Δ and Δ-Y conversions allow transforming between circuit configurations containing Y or Δ branches, in order to solve for unknown quantities when mesh or nodal analysis cannot be directly applied.

Uploaded by

as739562978
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Circuit Analysis

I
Chapter 7 . 2

Nodal Analysis
Nodal Analysis
(General Approach)
 Kirchhoff’s current law is used to develop the
method referred to as nodal analysis
 A node is defined as a junction of two or more
branches
 Application of nodal analysis
1. Determine the number of nodes within the network.
2. Pick a reference node, and label each remaining node
with a subscript value of voltage: V 1, V2, and so on.
Nodal Analysis
(General Approach)
3. Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at each node except
the reference. Assume that all unknown currents
leave the node for each application of Kirchhoff’s
current law. In other words, for each node, don’t
be influenced by the direction that an unknown
current for another node may have had. Each
node is to be treated as a separate entity,
independent of the application of Kirchhoff’s
current law to the other nodes.
4. Solve the resulting equation for the nodal voltages.
Nodal Analysis
(General Approach)
 On occasion there will be independent voltage sources
in the network to which nodal analysis is to be applied.
If so, convert the voltage source to a current source (if a
series resistor is present) and proceed as before or use
the supernode approach:
1. Assign a nodal voltage to each independent node of the
network.
2. Mentally replace independent voltage sources with short-
circuits.
3. Apply KCL to the defined nodes of the network.
4. Relate the defined nodes to the independent voltage source
of the network, and solve for the nodal voltages.
Nodal Analysis
(Format Approach)
1. Choose a reference node and assign a
subscripted voltage label to the (N – 1)
remaining nodes of the network.
2. The number of equations required for a
complete solution is equal to the number of
subscripted voltages (N – 1). Column 1 of
each equation is formed by summing the
conductances tied to the node of interest and
multiplying the result by that subscripted nodal
voltage.
Nodal Analysis
(Format Approach)
3. We must now consider the mutual terms that
are always subtracted form the first column. It
is possible to have more than one mutual term
if the nodal voltage of current interest has an
element in common with more than one nodal
voltage. Each mutual term is the product of
the mutual conductance and the other nodal
voltage tied to that conductance.
Nodal Analysis
(Format Approach)
4. The column to the right of the equality sign is
the algebraic sum of the current sources tied to
the node of interest. A current source is
assigned a positive sign if it supplies current to
a node and a negative sign if it draws current
from the node.
5. Solve the resulting simultaneous equations for
the desired voltages.
Y- (T- ) and -Y (-T)
Conversions
Y- (T- ) and -Y (-T)
Conversions
 Circuit configurations are encountered in which the
resistors do not appear to be in series or parallel; it
may be necessary to convert the circuit from one
form to another to solve for the unknown quantities
if mesh and nodal analysis are not applied.
Two circuit configurations that often account for these
difficulties are the wye (Y) and delta () configurations.
 They are also referred to as tee (T) and the pi ()
configurations.
-Y (-T) Conversion

Note that each resistor of the Y is equal to the


product of the resistors in the two closest branches
of the  divided by the sum of the resistors in the
.
Y- (T-) Conversion

Note that the value of each resistor of the  is equal to


the sum of the possible product combinations of the
resistances of the Y divided by the resistance of the Y
farthest from the resistor to be determined.

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