Chapter 2 - Precipitation
Chapter 2 - Precipitation
Chapter 2 - Precipitation
The rain falling into the funne is collecte i the receiver and
is measured in a special measuring glass graduated in mm of
rainfall; when full it can measure 1.25 cm of rain.
P4 = P2 =
2.26”
2.15” P1 =
1.62”
P5 =
2.18”
P3 =
1.80”
ARITHMETIC MEAN METHOD
P avg = [ W i x P i ] / W i
⚫ All gages given equal weight
Weight = 1
⚫ P avg = (1.82 + 2.15 + 2.26 + 2.18 + 1.62 + 1.8) / 6
⚫ P a v g = 1.97 in.
T H I E S S E N P O LYG O N M E T H O D
Watershed boundary
P6 =
1.81” P2 =
2.15”
P4 =
2.26”
P1 =
1.62”
P5 =
2.18”
P3 =
1.80”
Step #2: Draw the Perpendicular Bisector Lin
Watershed boundary
Step #3: Determine the Area of Each Polygon
Watershed boundary
A 6 = 65 A 4 = 269
ac ac
A 2 = 150
ac
A 1 = 56
ac
A 5 = 216
ac
A 3 = 136
ac
S T E P #4: C A L C U L AT E T H E A V E R A G E
R A I N FA L L
P avg = [ W i x P i ] / W i
⚫ P a v g = [(65x1.81)+(150x2.15)+(269x2.26)+
(216x2.18)+(56x1.62)+(136x1.8)] /
[65+150+269+
216+56+136]
⚫ P a v g = 2.08 in.
Thiessen polygons … … … .
Thiessen polygons … … … .
P7
P6
A7
A6
P2
A2
A1
A8 A5
P1
P8 P5
A3 A4
P3
P4
Thiessen polygons … … … .
P1 A1 P2 A2 ..... Pm
P A1 A2 ..... Am
Am
Generally for M station
M
PA i i M
A
P i 1
Atotal
i Pi Ai
1
Ai
The ratio A is called the weightage factor of
station i
Isohyetal Method
• An isohyet is a line joining points of
equal magnitude.
rainfall 10.0
8
C D
6 a 51
9.2 2
1a4
7.0 a3
2
4 B
7.2
A
a2 E 10.0
9.1
4.0
a1 F
8
6
4
Isohyetal Method
N
Test for consistency record
(Double mass curve techniques)
• Let a group of 5 to 10 base stations in the
neighbourhood of the problem station X is selected
• Arrange the data of X stn rainfall and the average of the
neighbouring stations in reverse chronological order (from
recent to old record)
• Accumulate the precipitation of station X P x
and the
s starting
average values of the group base station Pavg
from the latest record.
• P lot the Px against Pavg as shown on the next figure
• A decided break in the slope of the resulting plot is
observed that indicates a change in precipitation regime of
station X, i.e inconsistency.
• Therefore, is should be corrected by the factor shon on the
next slide
Double Mass Curve Analysis Test fo r consistency
record….
5
accumulated annual rainfall of X stn in 10^3 cm
4.5
3.5
3 a M c
Ma a
c c
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Accumulated annual rainfall of neigbouring stns in 10^3 cm