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Overview-Lex and Yacc Program

The document discusses the yacc parser generator. It describes yacc as generating tables and driver routines from a grammar specification to build a parser. Yacc works together with lex, with lex returning token numbers that yacc uses in parsing according to the grammar rules. The structure of a yacc program includes definitions, rules, and auxiliary functions sections. Key aspects like token definitions, parsing function, and handling syntax errors are also summarized.

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Dr. V. Padmavathi Associate Professor
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79 views11 pages

Overview-Lex and Yacc Program

The document discusses the yacc parser generator. It describes yacc as generating tables and driver routines from a grammar specification to build a parser. Yacc works together with lex, with lex returning token numbers that yacc uses in parsing according to the grammar rules. The structure of a yacc program includes definitions, rules, and auxiliary functions sections. Key aspects like token definitions, parsing function, and handling syntax errors are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Dr. V. Padmavathi Associate Professor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review of Parser

• Parser invokes scanner for tokens.


• Parser analyze the syntactic structure
according to grammars.
• Finally, parser executes the semantic routines.
Introduction to yacc (bison- Linux
terminology)
• yacc – yet another compiler compiler.
• An LALR(1) parser generator.
• Yacc generates
– Tables – according to the grammar rules.
– Driver routines – in C programming language.
– y.output – a report file.
Cooperate with lex (flex- Linux terminology)
• Invokes yylex() automatically.
• Generate y.tab.h file through the -d option.
• The lex input file must contains y.tab.h
• For each token that lex recognized, a number
is returned (from yylex() function.)
Writing Yacc Input File
• A Yacc input file consists of three sections:
– Definition
– Rules
– Auxiliary functions
• Separated by %%
• Similar to lex (actually, lex imitates yacc)
Structure of YACC program

• Definitions
• Rules
• Auxiliary functions
Definition Section
• C source code, include header files, etc.
• %token
• Yacc invokes yylex() when a token is required.
• All terminal symbols should be declared
through %token.
• Yacc produces y.tab.h by %token definitions.
Syntax-YACC Program

• Definitions | Declarations
%token

%%
• Rules
Head:body1 {action1} | body2 {action2}
%%

• Auxiliary functions
• C source code, include files, etc.
• %token
• Yacc invokes yylex() when a token is required.
• All terminal symbols should be declared
through %token.
• Yacc produces y.tab.h by %token definitions.
Variables and functions used in YACC program
1) yytext-pointer to the input character stream or matched input
string.

2) yylval: values associated with the tokens are returned by Lex in the
variable yylval.
Ex: yyval= a to i (yytext)
converts string to int and stores in variable yyval.

3) yywrap(): called by lex or yacc tool when input is exhausted or


finished and returns 1 when input is finished.

4) yyparse(): responsible for parsing. It reads tokens and executes


actions-which are given in YACC program. Returns 0 if the string is
accepted.
Example: Check whether the string aaabbb is accepted by the given grammar

below using YACC or not


S->aSb| ε YACC Program
Lex program %{ #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
%}
% { #include “y.tab.h” %token A B // tokens defined in YACC
%}
(Rules section)
%%
%% start: S ‘\n’ {return ‘\n’;}
[a] {return A; } S: A S B
[b] {return B; } | ;
%%
[\n] {return 0; }
(Auxiliary function section)
%% Int main()
{
printf(enter the string”);
//”y.tab.h” has all the tokens used in YACC if (yyparse==0)
program and matches with the token printf(“valid string”);
}
declaration in YACC program which is
Int yyerror()
accessible to the Lex program {
printf(string is not accepted”);
exit(0); }
yywrap()
{ return 1;
Linking lex & yacc

Commands for execution

1) lex bas.l
2) yacc -d bas.y
3) gcc lex.yy.c y.tab.c -ll
4) ./a.out

Hathal & Ahmad 11

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