Week 3 R Programming
Dr.APS
Matrices
• Matrices are the R objects in which the elements are arranged
in a two-dimensional rectangular layout.
• They contain elements of the same atomic types.
• Though we can create a matrix containing only characters or
only logical values, they are not of much use.
• The basic syntax for creating a matrix in R is:
matrix(data, nrow, ncol, byrow, dimnames)
Matrices
• data is the input vector which becomes the data elements of the
matrix.
• nrow is the number of rows to be created.
• ncol is the number of columns to be created.
• byrow is a logical clue. If TRUE then the input vector elements
are arranged by row.
• dimname is the names assigned to the rows and columns.
Week 3 Exercises
Create a matrix taking a vector of numbers as input. Output
[,1] [,2] [,3]
Program
[1,] 3 4 5
# Elements are arranged sequentially by row. [2,] 6 7 8
M <- matrix(c(3:14), nrow = 4, byrow = TRUE) [3,] 9 10 11
print(M) [4,] 12 13 14
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 3 7 11
# Elements are arranged sequentially by column. [2,] 4 8 12
N <- matrix(c(3:14), nrow = 4, byrow = FALSE) [3,] 5 9 13
print(N) [4,] 6 10 14
col1 col2 col3
# Define the column and row names.
row1 3 4 5
rownames = c("row1", "row2", "row3", "row4") row2 6 7 8
colnames = c("col1", "col2", "col3") row3 9 10 11
P <- matrix(c(3:14), nrow = 4, byrow = TRUE, dimnames = row4 12 13 14
list(rownames, colnames))
print(P)
Week 3 Exercises
Elements of a matrix can be accessed by using the column and row index of the
element. Output
[1] 5
Program [1] 13
# Define the column and row names. col1 col2 col3
rownames = c("row1", "row2", "row3", "row4") 6 7 8
colnames = c("col1", "col2", "col3") row1 row2 row3 row4
# Create the matrix. 5 8 11 14
P <- matrix(c(3:14), nrow = 4, byrow = TRUE, dimnames = list(rownames, colnames))
# Access the element at 3rd column and 1st row.
print(P[1,3])
# Access the element at 2nd column and 4th row.
print(P[4,2])
# Access only the 2nd row.
print(P[2,])
# Access only the 3rd column.
print(P[,3])
Week 3 Exercises
Matrix Addition & Subtraction
Output
Program
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 3 -1 2
# Create two 2x3 matrices.
[2,] 9 4 6
matrix1 <- matrix(c(3, 9, -1, 4, 2, 6), nrow = 2) [,1] [,2] [,3]
print(matrix1) [1,] 5 0 3
matrix2 <- matrix(c(5, 2, 0, 9, 3, 4), nrow = 2) [2,] 2 9 4
print(matrix2) Result of addition
# Add the matrices. [,1] [,2] [,3]
result <- matrix1 + matrix2 [1,] 8 -1 5
cat("Result of addition","\n") [2,] 11 13 10
print(result) Result of subtraction
[,1] [,2] [,3]
# Subtract the matrices
[1,] -2 -1 -1
result <- matrix1 - matrix2
[2,] 7 -5 2
cat("Result of subtraction","\n")
print(result)
atrix(c(5, 2, 0, 9, 3, 4), nrow = 2) print(matrix2) # Multiply the matrices. result <- matrix1 * matrix2 cat("Result of multiplication","\n") prin
Week 3 Exercises
Matrix Multiplication & Division
Output
[,1] [,2] [,3]
Program [1,] 3 -1 2
[2,] 9 4 6
# Create two 2x3 matrices. [,1] [,2] [,3]
matrix1 <- matrix(c(3, 9, -1, 4, 2, 6), nrow = 2) [1,] 5 0 3
print(matrix1) [2,] 2 9 4
matrix2 <- matrix(c(5, 2, 0, 9, 3, 4), nrow = 2) Result of multiplication
print(matrix2) [,1] [,2] [,3]
# Multiply the matrices. [1,] 15 0 6
result <- matrix1 * matrix2 [2,] 18 36 24
cat("Result of multiplication","\n") Result of division
print(result) [,1] [,2] [,3]
# Divide the matrices [1,] 0.6 -Inf 0.6666667
result <- matrix1 / matrix2 [2,] 4.5 0.4444444 1.5000000
cat("Result of division","\n")
print(result)
