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2.7 - Internet Protocol (IP)

The document discusses Internet Protocol (IP) which is the principal communication protocol for internetworking. IP delivers packets from sender to receiver based on the IP address contained in each packet. It governs modern electronic communication on the internet and local networks by establishing rules for data formats. IP addresses provide unique identification for devices, encapsulate data into packets, and route data from source to destination. There are both public and private IP address types as well as two main IP address versions, IPv4 and IPv6, which differ in address length and number of available addresses. IP address classes further categorize addresses based on the value of the first octet. Subnet masks allow division of single IP addresses into multiple subnets to facilitate routing and security between

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56 views15 pages

2.7 - Internet Protocol (IP)

The document discusses Internet Protocol (IP) which is the principal communication protocol for internetworking. IP delivers packets from sender to receiver based on the IP address contained in each packet. It governs modern electronic communication on the internet and local networks by establishing rules for data formats. IP addresses provide unique identification for devices, encapsulate data into packets, and route data from source to destination. There are both public and private IP address types as well as two main IP address versions, IPv4 and IPv6, which differ in address length and number of available addresses. IP address classes further categorize addresses based on the value of the first octet. Subnet masks allow division of single IP addresses into multiple subnets to facilitate routing and security between

Uploaded by

silesh ayele
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.8.

Internet Protocol (IP)

12/31/2023 1
Internet Protocol
It the principal communication protocol in internetworking.
It delivers the packets from sender to receiver based on the IP address available in
the packet.
It governs the entire modern day electronic communication taking place using
Internet or any local network.
It is a set of rules governing the formats of data sent via some network.

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IP Address
It is a unique address that identifies devices on Internet and local networks.
It is an identifier through which data is sent between devices on a network.
IP address
Provides addressing to hosts
Encapsulates data into packets
Routs data packets from source to destination

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IP Address Types
Public IP Address Private IP Address
It is also known as external IP address. It is also known as internal address.
It is a way to communicate outside the It is used to communicate within a network.
network.
It is assigned mainly to devices that are kept
It is assigned by ISP. at home or within an organization.
It is used to access Internet. Its scope is local to intra-network.
It provides us remote access to our It is used to create Local Area Network.
devices.
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IP Address Versions

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IP Address Versions
A. IPv4
The length of this version is 32
bits.
The 32 bits are divided into 4
octets, each octets has a length of
8 bits (4 * 8 =32 bits).
The range of IPv4 is 0 – 255
It can allocate 4 Billion unique IP
addresses (232)

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IP Address Versions
B. IPv6
The length of this version is 128 bits.
The 128 bits are divided into 8 octets,
each octets has a length of 16 bits (8 *
16 =128 bits).
The range of IPv6 is 0 – FFFFFF
It can allocate 340 Trillion unique IP
addresses (2128)

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IP Address Classes
The Internet address space is divided into classes.
TCP/IP defines five classes of IP address
The value of the first octet determines the classes.
The first three classes (A, B and C) are used for host addresses.
Class D is used for multicasting and
Class E is used for experimental purposes.

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IP Address Classes
I. Class A
Its range is between 0 to 127. 7

If the range of the first octet is between


0 to 127, it is considered as class A.
The first octet is network portion and
the rest are hosts.
It started with 0.
It has 1 Network ID and 3 Host ID

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IP Address Classes
II. Class B
Its range is between 128 to 191.
If the first octet is between 128 to 191, it
is considered as class B.
The 1st and 2nd octet are network ID and
the rest are Hosts ID.
It started with 128.
It has 2 Network ID and 2 Host ID

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IP Address Classes
III. Class C
Its range is between 192 to 223.
If the first octet is between 128 to 191, it
is considered as class B.
The first three octets are network ID and
the remaining is Hosts ID.
It started with 192.
It has 3 Network ID and 1 Host ID

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IP Address Classes
IV. Class D
The range of this class is between 224 to 239.
It is a reserved class used for multicasting purposes.
V. Class E
The range of this class is between 240 to 255.
It is reserved class used for research purposes.

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Subnet Mask
It allows devices to have efficient and secure communication between
different network.
It is used to determine host and network porting of an IP address.
This makes easier for routers and other network devices to forward traffic
from one network to another.
It is used to divide a single IP address into multiple subnets.

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Subnet Mask
It helps devices to understand which part
an IP address refers to the network and
which part identifies specific device in the
network.
It is basically written in binary or dotted
decimal notation.
It consists of four sets of numbers
separated by dots (255.255.255.0)

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Classwork
1. Compare private IP Address and Public IP Address.
2. Explain the difference between IPv4 and IPv6 using example.
3. Give one IP Address example to each classes of IP address.
4. Explain the need of subnet mask.

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