2.7 - Internet Protocol (IP)
2.7 - Internet Protocol (IP)
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Internet Protocol
It the principal communication protocol in internetworking.
It delivers the packets from sender to receiver based on the IP address available in
the packet.
It governs the entire modern day electronic communication taking place using
Internet or any local network.
It is a set of rules governing the formats of data sent via some network.
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IP Address
It is a unique address that identifies devices on Internet and local networks.
It is an identifier through which data is sent between devices on a network.
IP address
Provides addressing to hosts
Encapsulates data into packets
Routs data packets from source to destination
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IP Address Types
Public IP Address Private IP Address
It is also known as external IP address. It is also known as internal address.
It is a way to communicate outside the It is used to communicate within a network.
network.
It is assigned mainly to devices that are kept
It is assigned by ISP. at home or within an organization.
It is used to access Internet. Its scope is local to intra-network.
It provides us remote access to our It is used to create Local Area Network.
devices.
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IP Address Versions
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IP Address Versions
A. IPv4
The length of this version is 32
bits.
The 32 bits are divided into 4
octets, each octets has a length of
8 bits (4 * 8 =32 bits).
The range of IPv4 is 0 – 255
It can allocate 4 Billion unique IP
addresses (232)
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IP Address Versions
B. IPv6
The length of this version is 128 bits.
The 128 bits are divided into 8 octets,
each octets has a length of 16 bits (8 *
16 =128 bits).
The range of IPv6 is 0 – FFFFFF
It can allocate 340 Trillion unique IP
addresses (2128)
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IP Address Classes
The Internet address space is divided into classes.
TCP/IP defines five classes of IP address
The value of the first octet determines the classes.
The first three classes (A, B and C) are used for host addresses.
Class D is used for multicasting and
Class E is used for experimental purposes.
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IP Address Classes
I. Class A
Its range is between 0 to 127. 7
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IP Address Classes
II. Class B
Its range is between 128 to 191.
If the first octet is between 128 to 191, it
is considered as class B.
The 1st and 2nd octet are network ID and
the rest are Hosts ID.
It started with 128.
It has 2 Network ID and 2 Host ID
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IP Address Classes
III. Class C
Its range is between 192 to 223.
If the first octet is between 128 to 191, it
is considered as class B.
The first three octets are network ID and
the remaining is Hosts ID.
It started with 192.
It has 3 Network ID and 1 Host ID
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IP Address Classes
IV. Class D
The range of this class is between 224 to 239.
It is a reserved class used for multicasting purposes.
V. Class E
The range of this class is between 240 to 255.
It is reserved class used for research purposes.
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Subnet Mask
It allows devices to have efficient and secure communication between
different network.
It is used to determine host and network porting of an IP address.
This makes easier for routers and other network devices to forward traffic
from one network to another.
It is used to divide a single IP address into multiple subnets.
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Subnet Mask
It helps devices to understand which part
an IP address refers to the network and
which part identifies specific device in the
network.
It is basically written in binary or dotted
decimal notation.
It consists of four sets of numbers
separated by dots (255.255.255.0)
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Classwork
1. Compare private IP Address and Public IP Address.
2. Explain the difference between IPv4 and IPv6 using example.
3. Give one IP Address example to each classes of IP address.
4. Explain the need of subnet mask.
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