OBJECT

ORIENTED
PROGRAMMING

Introduction to Object
Oriented Programming
AGENDA
Java OOP
Classes and Objects
​Attributes
Methods
​Constructors
JAVA – WHAT IS OOP? 3

• OOP stands for object-oriented programming

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PROCEDURAL
PROGRAMMING
• Procedural programming is about writing
procedures or methods that perform
operations on the data.
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OBJECT ORIENTED
PROGRAMMING
• Object oriented programming is about
creating objects that contain both data and
methods.
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JAVA – WHAT IS OOP?

Object-oriented programming has several advantages over
procedural programming:
• OOP is faster and easier to execute
• OOP provides a clear structure for the programs
• OOP helps to keep the Java code DRY "Don't Repeat Yourself",
and makes the code easier to maintain, modify and debug
• OOP makes it possible to create full reusable applications with
less code and shorter development time
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The "Don't Repeat Yourself" (DRY) principle is about reducing the repetition of code.
You should extract out the codes that are common for the application, and place them
at a single place and reuse them instead of repeating it.
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CLASSES AND
OBJECTS
 CLASSES AND OBJECTS
• Classes and objects are the two main aspects of object-oriented programming.
• Look at the following illustration to see the difference between class and objects:
 ANOTHER EXAMPLE
Vehicle

Automobile

Race Car Sport Car Convertible Car

So, a class is a template for objects, and an object is an instance of a class.

When the individual objects are created, they inherit all the variables and
methods from the class.
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CLASSES AND OBJECTS

• Java is an object-oriented programming language.

• Everything in Java is associated with classes and objects, along with its attributes and
methods. For example: in real life, a car is an object. The car has attributes, such as
weight and color, and methods, such as drive and brake.

• A Class is like an object constructor, or a "blueprint" for creating objects.

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CREATE A CLASS AND AN

OBJECT
• To create a class, use the keyword class:
Remember that a class should always start with an uppercase first letter,
and that the name of the java file should match the class name.

• In Java, an object is created from a class. To create an object of Main, (1) specify the class name, (2) followed
by object name, and use keyword new:
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MULTIPLE OBJECTS

Guess what will the output be?

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MULTIPLE
CLASSES
Create 2 folders : You can also create an object of a class and
• Main.java access it in another class.
• Second.java

This is often used for better organization of

classes (one class has all the attributes and
methods, while the other class holds
the main() method (code to be executed)).
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MULTIPLE CLASSES

When both files are compiled, run the Second.java file to get the
output
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JAVA CLASS
ATTRIBUTES
 JAVA CLASS ATTRIBUTES
In the previous chapter, we used the term "variable" for x in the example (as shown below).
It is actually an attribute of the class. Or you could say that class attributes are variables within a class:
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ACCESSING ATTRIBUTES
You can access attributes by creating an object of the class, and by using the dot syntax (.):

The following example will create an object of the Main class, with the name myObj. We use the x attribute on the object to print its value:
 OVERRIDE AND MODIFY
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ATTRIBUTES
• With Java attribute, you can also modify the value of the class attribute:

• You can also override the value as well. Try assigning the values in your Main class where x = 5, and in your
method where myObj.x = 25.
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MULTIPLE OBJECTS
• If you create multiple objects of one class, you can change the attribute values in one
object, without affecting the attribute values in the other.

Change the value of x to 25 in myObj2, and leave x in myObj1 unchanged:

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MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTES
• You can also specify multiple attributes as you want:
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JAVA CLASS
METHODS
 myMethod() prints a text (the
action), when it is called. To call a
method, write the method's name
followed by two parentheses () and
a semicolon;
 STATIC VS PUBLIC
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You will often see Java programs that have either static or public attributes and methods.
In the previous example, we created a static method, which means that it can be accessed without creating
an object of the class, unlike public, which can only be accessed by objects:
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ACCESS METHODS WITH AN 26

OBJECT

Create a Car object named myCar. Call

the fullThrottle() and speed() methods
on the myCar object, and run the program:
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USING MULTIPLE CLASSES

• Like specified before, it is a good practice to create an object of a class and access it in another class.
• In this example, create 2 files in the same directory just like before as shown in the next slide:
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Main.java

Second.java

Compare the output

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JAVA
CONSTRUCTORS
 CONSTRUCTORS
• A constructor in Java is a special method that is used to initialize objects. The
constructor is called when an object of a class is created. It can be used to set initial
values for object attributes:
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CONSTRUCTOR PARAMETERS
Constructors can also take parameters, which is used to initialize attributes.
The following example adds an int y parameter to the constructor. Inside the
constructor we set x to y (x=y).
When we call the constructor, we pass a parameter to the constructor (5), which will
set the value of x to 5:
THANK YOU
See you guys next week.

Happy weekend everyone