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Cause and Effect

The document provides instructions on developing paragraphs using the cause and effect pattern. It explains that cause and effect paragraphs explain why something happens and what results a particular event produces. It usually gives a statement emphasizing the cause and another emphasizing the effect. The document also provides examples of signal words that can be used to indicate cause and effect and guide questions for writing a cause and effect paragraph.

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Gail Zyrille Deseo
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390 views34 pages

Cause and Effect

The document provides instructions on developing paragraphs using the cause and effect pattern. It explains that cause and effect paragraphs explain why something happens and what results a particular event produces. It usually gives a statement emphasizing the cause and another emphasizing the effect. The document also provides examples of signal words that can be used to indicate cause and effect and guide questions for writing a cause and effect paragraph.

Uploaded by

Gail Zyrille Deseo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 6

CAUSE AND EFFECT


Reasons and results are two things that
interest readers. Thus, it is important for
writers like you need to learn how
paragraphs of this kind should be
developed.
We have learned in our previous lesson that the use
of comparison and contrast in developing paragraph is
very effective when you want to show similarities and
differences between two ideas. Although a comparison
and contrast essay is set to demonstrate both similarities
as well as differences, sometimes it only shows
similarities, and at other times, only differences.
The next pattern of paragraph development focuses
on how you can state details through giving reasons or
results of a topic.
Read the passage carefully. Then, complete the diagram
below.

Discoveries and invention of devices are always welcome


until we, humans, find a way to abuse its benefits and be
adversely affected by it. This was the case when Wilhelm
Roentgen discovered x-ray and within five years, the British Army
was using a mobile x-ray unit to locate bullets and shrapnel in
wounded soldiers in Sudan. TV was also invented with positive
thoughts in mind – there would be no national borders,
education and communication would be worldwide, etc..
However, we are now trying to overcome its physiological and
psychological adverse effects on human beings.
Cause and Effect is a text
development pattern that explains why
something happens. It also states what
results in a particular event produces. It
usually gives a statement emphasizing
the cause and another emphasizing the
effect.
The following guide questions can be used for cause-effect
development:
● Why did it happen?
● What caused it?
● What does it cause?
● What are its effects?
● How is it related to something else?

Further, in developing your texts you can use signal words like as a
consequence of, as a result of, because, because of, now that and
since to express cause while accordingly, consequently, hence, so,
therefore, and this resulted in to signify effects.
Put a check (✓) if the item is suited for a
cause-and-effect text or a cross (x) if not.
1. How to play drums
2. Impact to technology in education
3. Importance of daily reading habit
4. Increased drop-out rate in a school.
5. The act of kindness
Complete the given statements to sum up your learning for this
lesson.
1. Cause and effect is a text development pattern explains
___________ something happens and states ___________results a
particular event produces.
2. ___________focuses on: why did the topic happen; what caused
it; what does it cause; what are its effects; and, how is it related to
something else.
3. Signal words used in introducing cause include:
_______________________
4. Signal words used in introducing effect include:
_______________________
COVID-19 took the lives of over 29,000 Filipinos and soared to over
1.6 M cases in the country. Write a five-sentence paragraph that
explains why there were so many cases even when people are
given precautions and community quarantine measures. Use cause
and effect pattern of development. The rubric below may be used
in this output.
Lesson 7

Problem-Solution
In this lesson, you are expected to plan,
structure, and write interesting and
meaningful paragraphs applying the problem-
solution pattern in your essays about different
topics, issues or recent developments in
various fields.
With your previous learning about cause-and-
effect pattern of development, you can readily
write a full-blown essay addressing any issue that
interests you. After answering the “why” and the
“what happened”, we now move on to the “how”
– how will we do things and how can we resolve
issues or concerns around us. This time, you will
apply the problem-solution pattern of
development.
Read the essay below. Identify the problem/s and solution/s
cited in the passage
Healing a Child’s Stitches and Burns
By Emerson T. Armero
There can be no doubt that a large number of CIFL or children in conflict with the law
may commit more juvenile crimes despite the intense effort of teachers, the barangays, the
police and the guidance offices. This poses a huge challenge to government authorities and
the whole society as well since these minors are protected by law and should not be harmed
by all means.
Basically, while being interrogated upon, these child offenders do not take their case
seriously. They sometimes treat their offense as a practical joke similar to an amusing
snapchat or a tiktok moment. Others consider their waywardness as part of their growing up
years – their being young, wild and free. And they blend with the other CIFL regulars, thereby
establishing an organization of future gangsters. Unfortunately, they are not given the chance
to reform their character because they cannot go to jail and should be with their parents’
custody within 24 hours. Additionally, some of them turn to substance abuse.
There might be two doable solutions to overcome the
problem mentioned in the previous paragraphs. The first step
would be to give them the opportunity to intensely
rehabilitate and provide educational programs suited to their
needs and abilities which will prepare them in the harsh
realities of life. It is also equally important that they get the
full support and encouragement of their parents and fellow
learners.
It is reasonable to conclude that education still paves the way
for CIFL learners to mend their ways. Furthermore, it is still
everybody’s responsibility to help them change, to motivate
them to change and stay away from temptations that may
A problem/solution essay presents a problem, usually discussing several
aspects of the problem, then concludes by discussing solutions to the
problem. The problem may be addressed in the following ways:
The solutions may be presented
in various ways and you have to
think about which way would be
the most appropriate for the
particular problem you are
discussing.
Here are some ways to present solutions:
The following transitional devices can also help you
develop your text.
Lesson 8

Persuasive
After this lesson, you are expected to learn
the type of paragraph development that
focuses on presenting points of view to
persuade or encourage your readers.
By this time, you should have learned seven different
patterns of paragraph development. The latest of which is the
problem-solution text, which focuses on either a problem or
solution in a particular area or situation. It is a type of text
expressed as a dilemma or concerning issue (problem) and
something that was, can be, or should be done to remedy
this issue (solution or attempted solution).

The last pattern of paragraph development featured in this


module focuses on how you can state details through
presenting your views and encouraging your target readers to
accept your argument.
Write your answers on the table after reading the paragraph.

Are the latest smartphones worth the spend of extra


money? Newer and more advanced versions of these
phones are becoming popular in the market. However, the
previous models seemed to have been satisfying people’s
needs just fine as well. So, what is the difference?

ISSUE ARGUMENT EVIDENCES


Now, answer the following questions:
1. What is the main idea of the text?
2. What issue has been presented in the text?
3. What does the text want us to do?
Persuasive text can be in
the form of an argument, discussion,
exposition, review or even an
advertisement.
In developing your own persuasive text, a

writer must first state theissue . This


will serve as a background information
about the topic. Then, it should be
followed by a clear, strong and specific
argument.
An argument is one’s claim or position that
can either support or reject the issue previously
stated. Arguments shall be supported with a well-
researched evidences, which will give details on
how and why it supports the argument. Evidences
can be factual, logical, statistical or anecdotal in
nature. It can also explain counter-arguments not
because the writer wants to prove which claims
are wrong or right but to enlighten the readers
about other positions.
Lastly, a conclusion restating the
main argument of the text will be
the end of the text. This will be your
final statement to persuade your
readers.
Some guide questions in constructing a
persuasive text include:
● What is the issue?
● What is your position or opinion?
● What is the opposing position/opinion?
● What are some reasons for your
position/opinion?
● What are some cases or examples that
support this?
Read the text below and identify
the issue, the argument/s and
conclusion.
When we consider the ubiquity of cellphones, iPods,
personal computers and the internet, it’s easy to see how
science (and the technology to which it leads) is woven
into the fabric of our day-to-day activities. When we
benefit from CT scanners, M.R.I. devices, pacemakers and
arterial stents, we can immediately appreciate how
science affects the quality of our lives. When we assess
the state of the world, and identify looming challenges
like climate change, global pandemics, security threats
and diminishing resources, we don’t hesitate in turning to
science to gauge the problems and find solutions.
And when we look at the wealth of opportunities
hovering on the horizon—stem cells, genomic
sequencing, personalized medicine, longevity
research, nanoscience, brain-machine interface,
quantum computers, space technology—we realize
how crucial it is to cultivate a general public that can
engage with scientific issues; there’s simply no other
way that as a society we will be prepared to make
informed decisions on a range of issues that will
shape the future.
Complete the statements to sum up your key learning for
this lesson.
1. __________ is a type of paragraph development that
focuses on presenting points of view
2. An __________ serves as a background information about
the topic.
3. An __________ is one’s claim or position that can either
support or reject the issue previously stated.
4. Arguments shall be supported with a well-researched
__________.
5. A __________ restating the main argument of the text will
be the end of the text.

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