LESSON - 6

Test And Measurements In Sports

INDISDE THE CHAPTER
 Test & Measurement in Sports
 1. Fitness Test – SAI Khelo India Fitness Test in school:

 Age group 5-8 years/ class 1-3: BMI, Flamingo Balance Test, Plate Tapping Test
 Age group 9-18yrs/ class 4-12: BMI, 50mt Speed test, 600mt Run/Walk, Sit & Reach flexibility test, Strength Test
(Partial Abdominal Curl Up, Push-Ups for boys, Modified Push-Ups for girls).

 2. Measurement of Cardio-Vascular Fitness – Harvard Step Test – Duration of the Exercise in Seconds x100/5.5 X
Pulse count of 1-1.5 Min after Exercise.

 3. Computing Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

 4. Rikli & Jones - Senior Citizen Fitness Test • Chair Stand Test for lower body strength
 • Arm Curl Test for upper body strength
 • Chair Sit & Reach Test for lower body flexibility
 • Back Scratch Test for upper body flexibility
 • Eight Foot Up & Go Test for agility
 • Six-Minute Walk Test for Aerobic Endurance

 5. Johnsen – Methney Test of Motor Educability (Front Roll, Roll, Jumping Half-Turn, Jumping full-turn
 TEST
1. Test maybe called as tool, a question, set of
questions, an examination which is used to
measure a particular characteristic of an
individual or a group of individuals.
2. Test is the form of questioning or measuring tool
used to access the status of one’s skill,
knowledge, attitude and fitness .
3. Test is an instrument or activity used to
accumulate data on a person’s ability to perform
a specified task.
 MEASUREMENT
 Measurement is a specific score obtained
through an expert evaluation.
 Measurement is a process through which our
level of performance, fitness level, ability,
knowledge, personality, traits & skills are
measured with the help of various standard test.
 Recording of measurement has two parts:
 1. A number indicating the magnitude
 2. A unit assigned by experts
 Fitness Test – Sai Khelo India Fitness Test

 The protocols and guidelines will enable

Physical Fitness Assessments to be
conducted by schools and parents to
monitor and track the fitness and health
indicators of children of Class 1-3 (5 to
8 years) and Class 4-12 (9 to 18+
years) as per the Khelo India battery
of tests.
Class- I to III (5 TO 8 Years)

1. Body Composition (BMI): Body composition refers primarily to the distribution

of muscle and fat in the body.
The test performed is generally known as Body Mass Index (BMI), which is calculated
from body weight (W) and height (H).

Weight (kg)
[Height(m)]2
BMI =
The higher the score, higher are the levels of body fat.
How to Perform the Test:
Take the height measurement on flooring that is not carpeted and against a flat surface.
Have the participant stand with feet flat, together and back against the wall. Make sure
legs are straight, arms are at sides and shoulders are level. Make sure the participant is
looking straight ahead and that the line of sight is parallel to the floor. Take the
measurement while the participant stands with head, shoulders, buttocks and heels
touching the flat wall. Use a flat headpiece to form a right angle to the wall and lower the
headpiece until it firmly touches the crown of the head. Lightly mark where the bottom of
the headpiece meets the wall. Then, use a metal tape to measure from the base on the
floor to the marked measurement on the wall to get the height measurement.
2. Coordination (Plate Tapping): Tests speed and coordination of limb movement.
How to Perform the Test:
The table height should be adjusted so that the subject is standing comfortably in front of
the discs. The two yellow discs are placed with their centres 60 cm apart on the table.
The rectangle is placed equidistant between both discs. The non-preferred hand is
placed on the rectangle. The subject moves the preferred hand back and forth between
the discs over the hand in the middle as quickly as possible.
This action is repeated for 25 full cycles (50 taps). The time taken to do so is recorded
as the score.

3. Balance (Flamingo Balance): This test is used to measure the ability to balance
successfully on a single leg. This single leg balance test is useful to assesses the
strength of the leg, pelvic and trunk muscle as well as the static balance.

How to Perform the Test:

Stand on the beam. Keep balance by holding the instructor’s hand, if required, to start.
While balancing on the preferred leg, the free leg is flexed at the knee and the foot of
this leg held close to the buttocks.
The total number of falls or loss of balance in 60 seconds of balancing is recorded.
Timing starts when the participant lets go of the instructor. If there are more than 15 falls
in the first 30 seconds, the test is terminated.
Age Group 9-18+ Years | Class 4 to 12
For Class 4 to 12, it is important for students to have an overall physical fitness.
The following components are to be considered in Physical Health and Fitness Profile:

1. Body Composition (BMI): Body composition refers primarily to the distribution

of muscle and fat in the body.
The test performed is known generally as Body Mass Index (BMI), which is calculated
from body weight (W) and height (H).
Weight (kg)
[Height (m)]2
BMI =
The higher the score, higher are the levels of body fat.
How to Perform the Test:
Take the height measurement on flooring that is not carpeted and against a flat surface.
Have the participant stand with feet flat, together and back against the wall. Make sure
legs are straight, arms are at sides and shoulders are level. Make sure the participant is
looking straight ahead and that the line of sight is parallel to the floor. Take the
measurement while the participant stands with head, shoulders, buttocks and heels
touching the flat wall. Use a flat headpiece to form a right angle to the wall and lower the
headpiece until it firmly touches the crown of the head. Lightly mark where the bottom of
the headpiece meets the wall. Then, use a metal tape to measure from the base on the
floor to the marked measurement on the wall to get the height measurement.
2. Strength:
(a) Abdominal (Partial Curl-up): The curl-up test measures abdominal muscular strength an
endurance of the abdominals and hip flexors, which are very important in back support and
core stability.
How to Perform the Test:
The subject lies on a cushioned, flat, clean surface with knees flexed, usually at 90 degree
with hands straight on the sides (palms facing downwards) closer to the ground, parallel to
the body. The subject raises the trunk in a smooth motion, keeping the arms in position,
curling up the desired amount (at least 6 inches above/along the ground towards the paral
strip). The trunk is lowered back to the floor so that the shoulder blades or upper back touc
the floor.
The score is the maximum number of curl-ups in 30 seconds.
(b) Muscular Endurance (Push-ups for Boys, Modified Push-ups for Girls): This test
measures upper body strength endurance and trunk stability.
How to Perform the Test:
A standard push-up begins with the hands and toes touching the floor, the body and legs in
straight line, feet slightly apart, the arms at shoulder-width apart, extended and at a right
angle to the body. Keeping the back and knees straight, the subject lowers the body to a
predetermined point, to touch some other object, or until there is a 90-degree angle at the
elbows, then returns to the starting position with the arms extended. This action is repeate
and the test continues until exhaustion or until they can do no more in rhythm or have
reached the target number of push-ups.Test & Measurement in Sports 15
For Girls: The push-up technique for girls is with knees resting on the ground.
The score is the number of correctly completed push-ups.
3. Flexibility (Sit and Reach Test): This test is used to measure flexibility and
specifically measures the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles.
This test is important as tightness in this area is many times responsible for
incapacitating lower back pain.
How to Perform the Test:
This test involves sitting on the floor with legs stretched out straight ahead. Shoes
should be removed. The soles of the feet are placed flat against the sit and reach
box. Both knees should be locked and pressed flat to the floor—the tester may
assist by holding them down. With the palms facing downwards and hands on top of
each other, the subject reaches forward along the measuring line as far as possible.
The hands must remain at the same level, not one reaching further forward than the
other.
After some practice reaches, the subject reaches out and holds that position for at
least one-two seconds while the distance is recorded. There should be no jerky
movements.
The score is recorded (difference between initial position and final position), in cm
and mm, as the distance reached by the hand.
4. Cardiovascular Endurance (600 Metre Run/Walk): This test is used as a measure
of cardiovascular fitness and endurance.
How to Perform the Test:
Participants are instructed to run 600 metres at the fastest possible pace.
The participants begin on the signal, “Ready, Start”. As they cross the finish line, elapsed
time should be announced to the participants. Walking is permitted but the objective is to
cover the distance in the shortest possible time.
The score is the time taken for completion (run or walk) in minutes and seconds.

5. Speed (50 Metre Dash): This is a test used to measure acceleration and speed.
How to Perform the Test:
The participant should perform a thorough warm-up, including some practice starts and
accelerations. The participant should start from a stationary position, with one foot in
front of the other. The front foot must be on or behind the starting line. This starting
position should be static (dead start).
The tester may provide hints for maximising speed (such as keeping low, driving hard
with the arms and legs) and encourage the participant to continue running hard through
to the finish line.
Time taken for completion of the dash is the score.
Measurement of Cardiovascular Fitness: Harvard
Step Test
 It is the ability of the heart & lungs to supply
oxygen rich blood to the working muscle tissues
and the ability of the muscles to use oxygen to
produce energy for body movement.
 Cardiovascular fitness is essential to perform
aerobic activities.
 Harvard Step Test: It is used to measure the
Cardiovascular fitness by checking the recovery
rate.
 HARVARD STEP TEST
 Equipment required: step or platform 20 inches ( 50.8
cm ) high, stopwatch, metronome or cadence tape
Procedure: The athlete steps up and down on the
platform at a rate of 30 steps per minute for 5 minutes or
until exhaustion. The athlete immediately sits down on
completion of the test, and the total numbers of heart
beats are counted between 1 to 1.5 minutes after
finishing. This is the only measure required if using the
short form of the test. If the long form of the test is being
conducted, there is an additional heart rate measures at
between 2 to 2.5 minutes, and between 3 to 3.5 minutes.
 Fitness Index Score= (100x 300) / (2 x sum of three pulse
count after test)
HARVARD STEP TEST
 Advantages
 1. Procedure to conduct the test is simple.
 2. It requires minimal cost. 3. Chances of making
mistakes are minimum in conducting the test
and calculating the fitness index.
 Disadvantages
 1. Anthropometric measurements of individuals
are different but in the test, box of same height is
used for all.
 2. Body weight is not considered in this test.
 Computing Basal Metabolic Rate
(BMR)
 What is BMR
 BMR stands for basal metabolic rate. It
measures the number of calories burned by
an individual when completely at rest. It
includes the energy used by the body to
maintain the vital processes and organ
functions: movement of fluids, respiration,
heartbeat and thinking.
 Merriam-Webster dictionary defines BMR as
the rate at which heat is given off by an
organism at complete rest.
 Calculating Basal Metabolic Rate
 The two main equations used to compute BMR are:
 Revised Harris-Benedict BMR equation
 • Men: (88.4 + 13.4 × weight) + (4.8 × height) –
(5.68 × age)
 • Women: (447.6 + 9.25 × weight) + (3.10 × height)
– (4.33 × age)
 Mifflin-St Jeor equation
 • Men: 9.99 × weight + 6.25 × height – 4.92 × age +
5
 • Women: 9.99 × weight + 6.25 × height – 4.92 ×
age – 161
 Most authorities hold the Mifflin-St Jeor equation to
be more accurate than the Revised Harris-Benedict
BMR equation.
For Men-
(10 × weight [kg])
BMR = + (6.25 × height [cm])
– (6.25 × height [cm])

For Women-

(10 × weight [kg])

BMR = + (6.25 × height [cm])
– (5 × age [yrs]) –161
 Rikli and Jones Senior Citizen Fitness
Test
 1. Chair Stand Test — testing lower body strength
 2. Arm Curl Test — testing upper body strength ( 5
pounds for women and 8 pounds for men in 30
seconds)
 3. Chair Sit and Reach Test — lower body flexibility
test
 4. Back Scratch Test — upper body flexibility test
 5. 8-Foot Up and Go Test — agility test
 6. 6 minutes Walk Test— The walk test is used to
assess aerobic fitness for walking, stair climbing
etc.
 CHAIR STAND TEST
 1. The participant should sit in the
middle of the chair
 2. Keep his hands on the opposite
shoulder crossed at wrists
 3. Feet flat on the floor
 4. Back erect
 5. Repeat sit up and down for 30 sec
 What is BMR
 BMR stands for basal metabolic rate. It
measures the number of calories burned by
an individual when completely at rest. It
includes the energy used by the body to
maintain the vital processes and organ
functions: movement of fluids, respiration,
heartbeat and thinking.
 Merriam-Webster dictionary defines BMR as
the rate at which heat is given off by an
organism at complete rest.
 ARM CURL TEST
 1. Sit on the chair.
 2. Place your feet flat on the floor.
 3. Keep your back straight.
 4. Using your dominant hand, hold the weight
straight down by your side with a hand shake grip.
 5. Lift weight to above your elbow, rotating your
wrist so the palm faces upwards.
 6. Lower the weight back to your side.
 7. Repeat this as many times as possible in 30
seconds.
 CHAIR SIT AND REACH
TEST
 1. Sit close to the front of the seat
 2. Have one leg extended straight with the heel on the
floor and the foot flexed at 90 degrees to the leg.
 3. Have the other leg bent at right angles at the knee
with the foot flat on the floor.
 4. Place one hand over the other with finger tips level.
 5. Slowly reach forward as far as you can towards the
toes in the outstretched leg.
 6. Hold the maximum reach for 2 seconds.
 7. The distance is measured between the tip of the
fingertips and the toes. If the fingertips touch the toes
then the score is zero CHAIR SIT AND REACH TEST
 BACK SCRATCH TEST
 1. Place one hand over the same shoulder with the
palm touching the back and reach down the back.
 2. Place the other hand up the back from the waist
with the palm facing outwards. Reach up the back.
 3. Point the middle fingers of each of hand towards
each other.
 4. Try and touch the fingers of each hand in the
middle of the back.
 5. Do grasp the fingers and pull the hands together.
 8 FOOT UP AND GO TEST
 1. Sit in the middle of the chair with hands on
thighs.
 2. One foot can be placed slightly in front of the
other but both must be flat on the floor.
 3. Lean slightly forward.
 4. On the instruction to begin, stand up as
quickly as possible.
 5. Walk around the marker, return to the chair
and sit down.
6 Minutes Walk Test

 1. On the instructions to begin, start walking

around the course as fast as you can.
 2. Do not run.
 3. As you complete each lap, collect a counter
 4. At the end of 6 minutes stop and move to the
nearest marker.
 Johnson – Metheny Test of Motor Education
Objective: Johnson- Metheny Test battery is revised version of Johnson Educability Test which was designed in 1932. The
purpose of the Johnson battery was to measure neuromuscular skill capacity which have ten items. In 1938 Methney
studied the test and eliminated six items. The test battery consist of four motor stunts are given below:
I. Front Roll
II. Back Roll
III. Jumping Half-Turns
IV. Jumping Full- Turns

Four stunts are to be performed by the boys and three stunts for girls.
 Test Area: Mat area length is 15 feet and it is 2 feet wide. The 15 feet length divided in to ten sections for 18” each.
The width of transverse line is ¾” and 3” alternatively. Centre of lines remains 18” apart. Another ¾” wide line is
marked lengthwise in the middle of the mat area.

 Procedure:
1.Front Roll: Ignoring the long middle dividing line, the subject is asked to start outside the marked area and perform
two front rolls, one up to 7.5’ i.e. 3” wide centre line and the second in the other half of 7.5’. The subject is to
perform the rolls without touching the limits or over reaching the zones mentioned above.
Scoring: Each correct roll gets 5 points, hence maximum of 10 points. Two points are deducted for over-reaching
side line, right or left for each roll; one point is deducted for over reaching the end limit on each roll and full five
points are deducted when the subject fails to perform a true front roll
2.Back Roll: The test is similar to front roll both in performing and scoring. The
subject is to start outside the marked chart area and is to ‘perform two back rolls
in the 2 feet lane area, one up to first half and the second back roll in the second
half.

3.Jumping Half Turns: The subject is asked to start with feet on first 3” line, jump
with both feet to second 3” wide line, executing a half turn either right or left; jump
to third 3” line executing half turn in opposite direction to first half-turn and then
to 4th and 5th 3” wide lines executing half turns, right or left alternatively.

Scoring: Perfect execution of four jumps is worth ten points. Only 2 points are
deducted for each wrong jump when the subject either does not land with both
feet on the 3” line or turns the wrong way or both.
4.Jumping Full Turns: The subject is asked to start with the feet outside the
marked area at about the centre of the lane. He/She is required to jump with feet
together to second rectangular space, executing a full turn with the body either
right or left; continue jumping to alternate rectangular spaces across the marked
mat executing full turns, rotating body in the same direction, landing on both feet
every time.

Scoring: Perfect execution of five jumps is worth ten points. Two points are
deducted, if the subject fails to keep balance on landing on both feet; turns too far
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