Objectives

Chapter 5
o Introduction to Machine Learning

o Why Machine Learning

Introduction to Machine Learning
o Machine learning life cycle process

o Types of ML
Lecturer. Hanad Mohamud Mohamed
o Find Dataset Repositories in Online
Resource
Introduction to Machine Learning
What do you know about Machine Learning?

https://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/introduction-to-computer-
vision-with-opencv-part-1-3dc948521deb
Introduction to ML

Machine Learning is said as a subset of artificial intelligence that is mainly concerned

with the development of algorithms that allow a computer to learn from the data and
past experiences on their own. The term machine learning was first introduced by Arthur
Samuel in 1959. We can define it in a summarized way as:
“Machine learning enables a machine to automatically learn from data, improve
performance from experiences, and predict things without being explicitly programmed." ​
Introduction to ML
Introduction to ML

With the help of sample historical data, which is known as training data, machine
learning algorithms build a mathematical model that helps in making predictions or
decisions without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning brings computer
science and statistics together to create predictive models. Machine learning constructs
or uses the algorithms that learn from historical data. The more we provide the
information, the higher the performance.
A machine has the ability to learn if it can improve its performance by gaining more data."
Introduction to ML
• Machine learning is a tool that allows systems the ability to learn and improve
automatically based on experience. Machine learning does not need specific
programming to carry out an activity. Machine learning is the development of
computer programs that can access data, and through a series of algorithms use the
data to learn for themselves what action should be taken based on that data.
• The primary objective of machine learning is to allow the system to learn
automatically without human intervention. This allows the system to adjust and take
action as a result. The learning process begins with the system observing reference data
and experiences based on that data. The system then begins to understand and learn
what actions to take when specific patterns within a data set to present themselves.
Introduction to ML

Field of Machine learning in Data Science

Introduction to ML
Why Machine Learning?

It gives enterprises a view of trends in customer behavior and business operational

patterns, as well as supports the development of new products. Many of today's leading
companies, such as Facebook, Google, and Uber, make machine learning a central part of
their operations. Machine learning has become a significant competitive differentiator for
many companies.
Introduction to ML
Why Machine Learning?
Introduction to ML
Why Machine Learning?

According to these applications, you can see why it is important.

Introduction to ML
Machine learning applications

 Machine learning has a wide range of everyday life applications:

 Email Spam filtering
 Optical plate recognition
 Face recognition
 Voice search on your phone
 Recommendations on online shopping portals
 Machine translation
Introduction to ML

Machine learning is main driver of predictive analytics and modelling with uses
including:
Predictive analytics:
– prices and sales from past data
– next year's business review from past years
– future student graduation rate based on past data
– profits from add on TV/online expenditure
– traffic to one’s website
– among many other applications…
Introduction to ML
Machine learning life cycle process
Machine learning has given computer systems the ability to automatically learn without
being explicitly programmed. But how does a machine learning system work? So, it can be
described using the life cycle of machine learning. The machine learning life cycle is a cyclic
process to build an efficient machine learning project. The main purpose of the life cycle is
to find a solution to the problem or project.
Introduction to ML

Machine learning life cycle process

Introduction to ML
Machine learning life cycle process
1. Gathering Data: It is the first step of the machine learning life cycle. The goal of this step is
to identify and obtain all data-related problems.
2. Data preparation: It is a step where we put our data into a suitable place and prepare it to
use in our machine learning training(including Data exploration).
3. Data Wrangling: It is the process of cleaning and converting raw data into a useable
format(Missing Values, Duplicate data
Invalid data & Noise).
4. Data Analysis: After the cleaned and prepared data is passed on to the analysis
step(Selection of analytical techniques, Building models, Review of the result)
 Introduction to ML

Machine learning life cycle process

5. Train Model: Now the next step is to train the model, in this step, we train our model to
improve its performance for a better outcome of the problem.

6. Test Model: Testing the model determines the percentage accuracy of the model as per the
requirement of the project or problem.

7. Deployment: The last step of the machine learning life cycle is deployment, where we deploy
the model in the real-world system.
Introduction to ML
 Introduction to ML
Types of Machine Learning
Machine learning involves showing a large volume of data to a machine so that it can learn
and make predictions, find patterns, or classify data. The three machine learning types are
supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning.

1. Supervised Learning: uses a training set to teach models to yield the

desired output.
2. Unsupervised Learning: uses machine learning algorithms to analyze and cluster
unlabeled datasets.
3. Reinforcement Learning: an area of Machine Learning. It is about taking suitable action to
maximize reward in a particular situation
Introduction to ML
Types of Machine Learning
Introduction to ML

Supervised learning is the types of machine learning in which machines are trained using
well “labelled” training data, and on basis of that data, machines predict the output. The
labelled data means some input data is already tagged with the correct output.

In supervised learning, the training data provided to the machines work as the supervisor
that teaches the machines to predict the output correctly. It applies the same concept as a
student learns in the supervision of the teacher.

Supervised learning is a process of providing input data as well as correct output data to
the machine learning model. The aim of a supervised learning algorithm is to find a
mapping function to map the input variable(x) with the output variable(y).

In the real-world, supervised learning can be used for Risk Assessment, Image
classification, Fraud Detection, spam filtering, etc." ​
Introduction to ML
Introduction to ML
Introduction to ML
What is Unsupervised Learning?
As the name suggests, unsupervised learning is a machine learning technique in which
models are not supervised using training dataset. Instead, models itself find the hidden
patterns and insights from the given data. It can be compared to learning which takes
place in the human brain while learning new things. It can be defined as:
'Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning in which models are trained using
unlabeled dataset and are allowed to act on that data without any supervision.'
Unsupervised learning cannot be directly applied to a regression or classification problem
because unlike supervised learning, we have the input data but no corresponding output
data. The goal of unsupervised learning is to find the underlying structure of dataset,
group that data according to similarities, and represent that dataset in a compressed
format.
Introduction to ML
Introduction to ML
Introduction to ML
Types of Machine Learning and Algorithms

Reinforcement can be used:

1. Robotics for Industrial

Automation

2. ML & Data processing

3. Create training systems

Introduction to ML
Dataset Repositories in Online Resource
There are various platforms where you can find open datasets
for your project and for research/academic purposes:
Google Dataset Search:
https://datasetsearch.research.google.com/
UCI ML repository: https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/index.php
Kaggle: https://www.kaggle.com/
GitHub open datasets: https://github.com/awesomedata/awesomepublic-
datasets#machinelearning
Amazon (AWS) open datasets: https://registry.opendata.aws/
Microsoft Azure Open Datasets: https://docs.microsoft.com/enus/azure/azure-sql/public-
data-sets
Introduction to ML
Dataset Repositories in Online Resource
• Kaggle: This data science platform has many interesting, user-contributed datasets for
cognitive computing.

• The UCI Machine Learning Repository has been a go-to resource for open datasets
for decades. Users can also access the information without registering.

• Dataset Search on Google: Dataset Search has over 25 million datasets from
across the internet.
Introduction to ML
Searching Dataset: Kaggle

Click the link below

https://www.kaggle.com/
Introduction to ML
Searching Dataset: Kaggle

You may contribute your dataset or download any uploaded datasets.

https://www.kaggle.com/datasets
Introduction to ML

Click the link below to the above dataset

https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/hanifalirsyad/coffee-scrap-coffeereview
Thank You