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    Classification of Polymers

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    sayon.ghosh1001
    This document classifies polymers according to their origin, chemical structure, polymeric structure, tacticity, molecular forces, and thermal response. Polymers can be natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic in origin. They can be homopolymers or copolymers in chemical structure. The polymeric structure can be linear, branched, or cross-linked. Tacticity refers to the stereochemistry of adjacent chiral centers and can be isotactic, syndiotactic, or atactic. Molecular forces determine if a polymer is an elastomer, plastic, or fiber. Thermal response distinguishes thermoplastics from thermosets.

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    Classification of Polymers

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    sayon.ghosh1001
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    This document classifies polymers according to their origin, chemical structure, polymeric structure, tacticity, molecular forces, and thermal response. Polymers can be natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic in origin. They can be homopolymers or copolymers in chemical structure. The polymeric structure can be linear, branched, or cross-linked. Tacticity refers to the stereochemistry of adjacent chiral centers and can be isotactic, syndiotactic, or atactic. Molecular forces determine if a polymer is an elastomer, plastic, or fiber. Thermal response distinguishes thermoplastics from thermosets.

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    This document classifies polymers according to their origin, chemical structure, polymeric structure, tacticity, molecular forces, and thermal response. Polymers can be natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic in origin. They can be homopolymers or copolymers in chemical structure. The polymeric structure can be linear, branched, or cross-linked. Tacticity refers to the stereochemistry of adjacent chiral centers and can be isotactic, syndiotactic, or atactic. Molecular forces determine if a polymer is an elastomer, plastic, or fiber. Thermal response distinguishes thermoplastics from thermosets.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    50 views11 pages

    Classification of Polymers

    Uploaded by

    sayon.ghosh1001
    This document classifies polymers according to their origin, chemical structure, polymeric structure, tacticity, molecular forces, and thermal response. Polymers can be natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic in origin. They can be homopolymers or copolymers in chemical structure. The polymeric structure can be linear, branched, or cross-linked. Tacticity refers to the stereochemistry of adjacent chiral centers and can be isotactic, syndiotactic, or atactic. Molecular forces determine if a polymer is an elastomer, plastic, or fiber. Thermal response distinguishes thermoplastics from thermosets.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Classification of Polymers

    Subject: Chemistry
    Paper code: CH101
    Stream: B.Tech
    Semester: 1st

    Presented by
    Dr. Rupa Bhattacharyya
    M.Tech, PhD (Tech)
    Assistant Professor
    Department of Basic Science & Humanities
    Narula Institute of Technology
    Classification of Polymers

    Classification of polymers can be done according to

    • Origin

    • Chemical structure

    • Polymeric structure

    • Tacticity

    • Molecular forces

    • Thermal response
    Natural polymers –
    Nature made polymers
    Eg. Natural rubber, cellulose,
    starch, proteins, silk, etc.

    Semi synthetic polymers–


    Chemically modified natural
    Origin polymers
    Eg. Cellulose acetate , Nitro
    cellulose

    Synthetic polymers –
    Man made polymers
    Eg. Polyethylene, polypropylene,
    PVC, nylon, polyester, etc.
    Homopolymers – A (monomer)
    Polymers which are
    made up of a single
    kind of monomer -A-A-A-A-A-A-
    Eg. PE, PP, PVC, ……
    PS, etc.
    Chemical
    structure
    Copolymers – A (monomer 1)
    Polymers which are +
    B (monomer 2)
    made up of more than
    one kind of monomer
    Eg. Styrene-butadiene
    rubber (SBR),
    Acrylonitrile-butadiene A-A-B-A-B-A-A-B-….
    rubber (NBR), etc.
    Linear
    Eg. HDPE

    Polymeric
    structure Branched
    Eg. LDPE

    Cross linked
    Eg. Bakelite,
    vulcanized
    rubber
    Isotactic
    (-d-d-d-d- or –l-l-l-l-
    configuration of the
    chiral carbon

    Tacticity Syndiotactic
    -d-l-d-l-
    configuration of
    the chiral carbon

    Atactic
    random
    configuration
    Tacticity
    Tacticity is the relative stereochemistry of adjacent chiral centers within a macromolecule. The practical
    significance of tacticity rests on the effects on the physical properties of the polymer. A vinyl and related
    polymer ( CH2 – CHR ) is characterized by an asymmetric carbon atom (marked with a little asterisk on it)
    in each of the repeat units of its chain molecules and a type of stereochemical difference that may arise in
    the segments of the chain is d –, l – isomerism. Tacticity has to do with which side of the chain the R
    group is placed. Fischer projections can be used to show the three different types of tacticity.

    • Isotactic:
    When all of the R groups line up on the same side then the polymer is known as isotactic polymer.
    Considering head to tail linkage of the repeat units, the stereo sequences may be all – d– or all – l –
    sequences, identified in terms of tacticity or spatial disposition of the substituent group, R as isotactic ;
    (like sequences) ( – d – d – d – d – ) Or – ( – l – l – l – l – )

    • Syndiotactic
    In this case the R groups alternate from side to side which is known as syndiotactic polymer. For alternate
    appearance of d – and l – sequences, the relevant polymer is called syndiotactic. The syndiotactic
    sequence or stereoisomer may be represented as (Alternate sequences; ( – d – l – d – l – d –)

    • Atactic:
    A third distinguishable long chain sequence called atactic sequence would be given by a random spatial
    disposition of the substituent – R groups, also exemplified by a random mix of isotactic and syndiotactic
    sequences, viz.
    (Random sequence, ( – d – d – l – d – l – l –)
    Elastomers
    (weak intermolecular force)
    Eg. Natural rubber, Buna S,
    Buna N, CSP, etc.

    Molecular Plastics
    (moderate intermolecular
    forces force)
    Eg. PE, PP, PVC, nylon,
    polyester, etc.

    Fibres
    (strong intermolecular force)
    Eg. Nylon, polyester, acrylics,
    etc.
    Thermoplastics
    (Polymers which remain soluble and
    fusible on repeated cycles of heating and
    cooling)
    Eg. PE, PP, PVC, PS, Nylon, etc.

    Thermal
    response

    Thermosets
    (One time use)
    Eg. Bakelite, polycarbonates, urea-
    formaldehyde,melamine formaldehyde,
    etc.

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