• Persuasive & Argumentative Writing

Fahmida Rahman
Where do you find persuasive
writing?
 Persuasive Writing
Persuasive writing is writing
that tries to convince a
reader to do something or
to believe what you believe
about a certain topic.

It takes a position for or

against something.
 First…Know Your Audience…
• Before you start writing, you should know your
audience:
– Who will read your writing? Who do you need to
convince?
– The audience may be your friends, your teacher, your
parents, your principal, the readers of a newspaper or the
President of the Pakistan!
– Will you be graded? On What?
– Should you be casual or professional?
 Second… Pick a side!
• The writer must clearly state his/her position and
stay with that position. Pick a side!

• Generally, the position is stated in the opening

paragraph or introduction.
Three: Do Your Research…
In order to convince the
reader you need more
than just an opinion; you
need facts or examples
to back your opinion. So,
be sure to do the
research!
 Four: MAKE A PLAN, then write!
The 6 Paragraph Essay:
1. Introduction/Hook/Thesis
2. Argument 1 with support
3. Argument 2 with support
4. Argument 3 with support
5. Show the counter-argument
and make an argument against it
6. Conclusion
 Persuasive writing follows a certain
format:
• INTRODUCTION with a “hook” and thesis
statement
• BODY where the argument is explained
• CONCLUSION where main points are
summarized and reviewed and the reader is
left with something to think about.
 The Great Introduction…
What makes an good introduction?
• It grabs or “hooks” the reader’s attention by using one or more of
the following strategies:
– An anecdote or scenario
– A quotation
– An interesting fact or statistic
– A question
• It tells how the writing will be organized.
• The author’s position is clearly stated in a thesis statement.
Grabbing Your Audience…
Good strategies used in introductions:
• Use an Anecdote/ Scenario
– The writer provides a personal experience or made-up situation
to introduce the position.
• Questioning
– The writer asks thought-provoking questions to capture the
reader’s interest.
• Interesting fact or statistic
– The writer gives an interesting piece of information to grab the
reader’s attention.
Lets Take A Look….
You Could Open with an Anecdote:
• An anecdote can provide an amusing and attention-getting
opening if it is short and to the point.

• “My hands felt sticky after pulling open the doors to “Big Bobby’s
Boisterous Burger Hut”. The odor smelled of fried everything. I ordered
a Big Bobby Combo #2. There was enough food to serve a small third
world country on my tray. I nibbled at the ¾ pound burger and my chin
was covered in a mayonnaise and ketchup concoction. I asked the
server if I could have a few fries with my salt. I left the place feeling like
my stomach was mad at me.”
Open with an Outrageous Statement:
• Example:
• “Fast food is killing America!”
You Could Begin with a Strong Statement:
• Example:
• Fast food consumption has risen 500 percent
since 1970 and today reaches nearly every
part of society, including some public school
cafeterias.
 You Could Open with a Question:
• How many times have you eaten fast food this
month?
 You Could Open with a Quotation:
• Example:
University of Delaware professor states:

“Advertising, including television ads, billboards, and other advertising,

including toys in boxed meals, has had an effect upon children as never
before.
Children these days are growing up with low concern for their health and
more concern for what tastes good.”
 You Could Open with a interesting
fact:
• Example:
• “Did you know that a typical child needs 2,000 calories for an
entire day and Burger King’s Whopper with triple cheese has
1,230 calories?”
You Could Open with a Fact or Statistic:
• Example:

• Thirty percent of the children in the survey ate fast food on

any given day during the survey, and they ate an average of
187 calories a day more than those who did not eat fast food.
These additional calories could account for an extra six
pounds of weight gain per year, according to Ludwig.
 Next: Creating a Thesis Statement
• A thesis statement is one sentence at the end of your
introduction that states your opinion. It needs to be strong.
• First, choose 3 main focus points to discuss in your essay.
These points will become the focus of three paragraphs in
the body of your paper.
Let’s use fast food as an example again.
Fast food…(3 Discussion Points)
• rapidly increases weight
• causes high blood pressure
• leads to sluggishness
 Writing the Thesis Statement
• Now take your three main focus points and
summarize them. Put your completed thesis
statement at the end of your first paragraph.

THREE MAIN FOCUS POINTS

• I believe fast food is harmful because it rapidly increases
weight, causes high blood pressure, and leads to lethargy.

COMPLETED THESIS STATEMENT

• I believe fast food has negative health effects.
 Our Introductory Paragraph:
CATCHY TITLE

Fast Food Is Killing America!

HOOK THE READER

Did you know that a typical child needs 2,000 calories

for an entire day and Burger King’s Whopper with triple
cheese has 1,230 calories? That is far more calories than
anyone needs in one day! Fast food consumption has risen
500 percent since 1970 and today reaches nearly every part
of society, including some public school cafeterias. Fast
food is harmful because it rapidly increases weight, causes
high blood pressure, and leads to sluggishness. Fast food is
bad for your health!
YOUR THREE ARGUMENTS
THESIS STATEMENT
 Three Supporting Paragraphs:
• Use each of the main arguments you used in
your introductory paragraph and expand on
each giving facts and reasons.
• In our example, you would write one
paragraph on how fast food increases weight,
one paragraph on how it causes high blood
pressure and one on how it leads to
sluggishness.
You’ll Need to Show “The Other Side…”
• How many of you have been in a discussion with
someone and you remember saying, “Yeah, that’s
true, but…” This is called a counter-argument. It’s
the “other side” of the argument.
• You’ll need to tell your reader what the counter-
argument is and prove why it shouldn’t matter.
• Let’s take a look using our example of fast food…
 The Other Side of the Story
• This is where you should explain why your opposition
believes what they believe.
• For example:
• “A fast food company wouldn’t agree with the points
in this essay. They would have lots of reasons why fast
food is good. They may say…”it’s convenient” or “It’s
fine if eaten in moderation.” These arguments just
don’t hold up when you take all the facts into
consideration!
 Conclude or End Your Essay…
What makes an good conclusion?
 Last paragraph summarizes your main point.
 End using one or more of the following strategies:
– Call the reader to action
– Provide a solution
– Make a Prediction
 The last paragraph wraps up the writing and gives the
reader something to think about.
 Strategies for Conclusions
• Call to Action
– Ask the reader to do something or to make something
happen “I challenge you to watch what you eat and to avoid
fast food.”
• Provide a solution
– Provide an answer to the problem “Fast food doesn’t have
to be “bad food.” Make better choices like salads, fruit and
low fat treats.”
• Make a Prediction
– Explain what might be the consequences of action or
inaction “If people continue to eat lots of fast food, they put
their health at risk. If kids don’t make better choices today,
they won’t grow into healthy adults.”
 Concluding Paragraph:
Restate your thesis.

In closing, it’s important to remember that too much

fast food can have negative effects on your health. If not
eaten in moderation, you can gain weight, suffer from high
blood
End with… pressure and become slow and sluggish. Is it worth
– A comment (Don’t make your body suffer!)
the risk to your body? Eat Healthy and Make good choices!
– A question (Are you willing to risk your health?)
– A call to action (I highly recommend you consider your options the next time your faced with a
decision about what to eat.)
 Review: The Persuasive Essay:
• A Catchy Title
• Introductory paragraph with a “hook”, three
main arguments and a thesis statement.
• One paragraph for each of your three
arguments.
• Address the “counter-argument”
• Closing paragraph that re-states your thesis and
challenges the reader to think about it.
 Don’t Forget…
• Make sure to read over your
work and edit for mechanics
and spelling.
• Write neatly!
• Include detail and great
vocabulary.
• Follow proper format:
Proper heading and skip
lines!
• The End