FAMOUS BIOLOGISTS AND THE

TRANSLATION OF C
THEIR WORKS.
THEIR ROLE IN DEVELOPING THE
SCIENCE
The presentation was made by the students of 32B group
Koval Anna, Samkova Anastasia, Pinchuk Oleh and Kostyk Svyatoslav
 Borys Ivanovych Balinsky
Borys Ivanovych Balinsky (23 September
1905 – 1 September 1997) was a Ukrainian
and South African biologist, embryologist,
entomologist, professor of Kyiv University
and University of the Witwatersrand.
Researcher in the field of experimental
embryology, electron microscopy and
developmental biology.
Balinsky described new species of
Plecoptera, Odonata and moths from the
family Pyralidae, mainly from Caucasus
and South Africa.
Balinsky's textbook "Introduction to Embryology",
first published in 1960, received worldwide
recognition. Subsequently, it was republished five
times in English, twice in Spanish, as well as in
Japanese and Italian. It was the most popular and
widely distributed embryology textbook in the world.
The plan of the textbook consisted of a "vertical" and
a "horizontal" section. The consideration of
embryology went from gametogenesis and fertilization
through all stages of embryogenesis (crushing,
gastrulation, organogenesis) to growth and
differentiation. Each section was considered
"horizontally" from the standpoint of descriptive
morphology (classical embryology), causal analysis
(experimental embryology), physiology and
biochemistry, and genetic foundations.
 Natalia Tikhonivna Osadcha-Yanata
Natalia Tikhonivna Osadcha-Yanata (1891-1982) was a
Ukrainian botanist and folklorist noted for studying the
medicinal plants of Ukraine and publishing some of her
works in English.
She worked in the Natural History Museum, conducted
floristic research in the Simferopol district, and made
botanical analyzes of grain contamination. She also worked
in the botanical section of the Crimean Society of Naturalists,
conducted practical work on plant anatomy for school
teachers.
In 1921 worked at the Ukrainian Scientific Society as a
specialist in the botanical subsection of the natural science
section of the Terminology Commission, and then she
worked at the Institute of the Ukrainian Scientific Language.
In 1926-1941, she worked at the Institutes of Applied
Botany, Experimental Medicine, and the Ukrainian Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Institute.
Printed works
• "Medicinal plants used by the population of Right Bank
Ukraine in folk medicine" (Awsburg, 1949).
• In New York, in 1952, her book "The Use of Medicinal Plants
in Ukrainian Folk Medicine" was published in English.
• In 1954-1957, a series of articles entitled "Ukrainian Folk
Medicine" was published on the pages of "Medical Herald"
(the only Ukrainian-language general medical journal in the
world).
• The article "Medicinal Plants" was published in the
"Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Studies" (1962).
• Her research "Antibiotics in higher plants" is included in
"Scientific Notes" (1966) of the Ukrainian Technical and
Economic Institute in Munich.
• The monographic edition in Ukrainian by N. Osadchoa-Yanata
"Ukrainian folk names of plants" was published in New York
in 1973.
 Lev Andriyovych Shelyuzhko
Lev Andriyovych Shelyuzhko (14 September 1890, Kyiv –
22 August 1969, Munich) was a Ukrainian-German
entomologist who specialized in Lepidoptera and
Rhopalocera. He wrote numerous scientific papers and
books on the butterflies and moths of Central Asia,
Ukraine, Far East, Caucasus in Ukrainian, German, and
English, and described many new taxa.
While working in University Museum Shelyuzhko
organized several entomological expeditions to
mountainous regions of USSR to collect and describe
Lepidoptera species. He issued many works of new species
and systematics of Rhopalocera. His collection had
worldwide specimens of geni Parnassius and Colias. It
consists of more than 300.000 specimens of Lepidoptera.
Works
• Neue palaearctische Heteroceren Deutsch. Ent. Zeit. Iris 40: 56-65
9 (1926).
• Lepidopterologische Ergebnisse der Pamir-Expedition des Kijever
Zoologischen Museums im Jahre 1937. II. Neue Lepidopteren aus
dem westlichen Pamir Mitt. Munchn. Ent. Ges. Bd. 33. S. 75–85
(1943).
• Zur Kenntnis der Pieris melete-Gruppe Zeitschr. wiener ent. Ges.,
45: 4–13, 20–29, 36–51, 5 pis., 2 figs. Monograph. The involved
synonymy is given in full (1960).
• Zur Kenntnis der Pieris melete-Gruppe. Teil II. Nordliche Inseln:
Sachalin (= Saghalien, Karafuto) und die Kurilen Zeitschr. wiener
ent. Ges., 48: 6–10, 51–64, 141, 5 pis., 1 map. 1963.
Lev Shelyuzhko is the author of scientific works on entomology,
zoology and biology, which were published not only in Ukrainian,
but also in German, English and French scientific journals.
 Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (15.05.1845 –
15.07.1916). He was born in Kharkiv province,
with. Ivanivka, in a noble family. Outstanding
physiologist, embryologist, Nobel Prize winner
in the field of physiology and medicine,
honorary doctor of the Imperial Kharkiv
University.
Оrganized the first bacteriological station in Ukraine.
Іnitiated a new science - comparative embryology
(comparative history of animal development)
1888 - moved to France to work at the Pastkrov
Institute there received a laboratory, dealt with
general pathology, studied the problems of
longevity and introduced the term "gerontology",
creating a science of the same name. From 1905
he was deputy director of the Pasteur Institute.
1908 - to Mechnikov (together with a German
scientist. Paul Ehrlich) was awarded the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his
work on immunity.
His work, including "The Immunity in
Infective Diseases," has been translated into
numerous languages and continues to be
influential in the field of immunology and
infectious diseases.
 Selman Waksman
Selman Waksman (1888-1973) - Selman
Waksman, born in Ukraine, was a
microbiologist and biochemist who
discovered several antibiotics, including
streptomycin, which played a crucial role in
treating tuberculosis. His work in the field of
microbiology has been recognized by
numerous scientific and other societies in the
USA, Denmark, The Netherlands, Canada,
Sweden, Japan, Israel, Italy, Spain, and
Turkey.
Scientific works
• Enzymes (1926)
• Humus: origin, chemical
composition, and importance
in nature (1936, 1938)
• Principles of Soil
Microbiology (1938)
• My Life with the Microbes
(1954) (автобіографія)
 Charles Robert Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) is
an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist. Darwin is
renowned for his theory of evolution by natural selection. His
most notable work, "On the Origin of Species" (1859), laid
the foundation for modern evolutionary biology. Later in
1871, Darwin published "The Descent of Man, and Selection
in Relation to Sex", delving into human evolution, sexual
selection, and the evolutionary origins of humankind.
This makes it clear that "The Descent of Man, and Selection
in Relation to Sex" is a continuation of his scientific activity
and research, extending his theory of evolution to the human
species and sexual selection.
Darwin’s book introduced the scientific theory that
populations evolve over the course of generations
through a process of natural selection. The book
presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life
arose by common descent through a branching pattern
of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had
collected on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his
subsequent findings from research, correspondence,
and experimentation.
The Descent of Man, and Selection in
Relation to Sex:
- applies evolutionary theory to human
evolution;
- describes his theory of sexual selection.
The book discusses many related issues,
including evolutionary psychology,
evolutionary ethics, evolutionary
musicology, differences between human
races, differences between sexes, the
dominant role of women in mate choice,
and the relevance of the evolutionary
theory to society.
 Johann Gregor Mendel
Johann Gregor Mendel (20 July
1822 – 6 January 1884) is an
Austrian scientist and Augustinian
friar.
Mendel conducted groundbreaking
experiments on pea plants,
revealing the fundamental
principles of heredity. His work,
published in 1865, established the
laws of inheritance and is
considered the cornerstone of
genetics.
Experiments in Plant-Hybridization
The paper is the result of years spent
studying genetic traits in Pisum sativum,
the pea plant.
 Rachel Carson
Rachel Carson was an influential American writer
and biologist, and her most famous work, "Silent
Spring," was indeed originally written in English.
There was no need for a translation as the book was
originally published in English. "Silent Spring" is a
seminal work that raised awareness about the
harmful effects of pesticides on the environment and
called for a reevaluation of humanity's role in
nature. Rachel Carson's efforts in this regard had a
profound impact on the environmental movement.
She was posthumously awarded the Presidential
Medal of Freedom by President Jimmy Carter in
1980 for her contributions to science and
environmental awareness.
The main theme of "Silent Spring" is the escalating and often
negative impact of human activity on the natural world.
Carson's primary argument is that the consequences of
pesticide use are often detrimental to the entire natural
environment, rather than just the targeted pest species, and
these chemical substances should more accurately be referred
to as biocides. In particular, she highlights the adverse effects
of DDT, but the book also discusses other synthetic pesticides,
many of which exhibit bioaccumulation. Carson accused
chemical industry corporations of intentional misinformation
and government authorities of trusting interested parties
associated with these corporations.
The majority of the book is dedicated to the impact of
pesticides on natural ecosystems, but there are four chapters
that describe documented cases of pesticides affecting human
health, including poisonings, oncological and other diseases
that may be attributed to chemical agents.
 Edward O. Wilson
Edward O. Wilson was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. From an early
age, he developed an interest in nature. His parents, Edward and Ines Wilson, divorced when
he was only 7 years old. In that same year, he suffered an eye injury as a result of an
unfortunate fishing accident. He grew up in various cities, accompanying his father and
stepmother. Vision problems prevented him from observing birds and mammals, so he
focused on insects. With the support of Marion R. Smith, a myrmecologist from the National
Museum of Natural History in Washington, Wilson began studying all the ants of the state of
Alabama.
1955 - He defended his dissertation at Harvard University.
1964 - Professor of Zoology at Harvard University.
1969 - Elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States.
“In the Amazon Basin the greatest violence sometimes begins as a flicker of light beyond the
horizon. There in the perfect bowl of the night sky, untouched by light from any human
source, a thunderstorm sends its premonitory signal and begins a slow journey to the
observer, who thinks: the world is about to change.” Watching from the edge of the Brazilian
rain forest, witness to the sort of violence nature visits upon its creatures, Edward O. Wilson
reflects on the crucible of evolution, and so begins his remarkable account of how the living
world became diverse and how humans are destroying that diversity.
Wilson, internationally regarded as the dean of biodiversity studies, conducts us on a tour
through time, traces the processes that create new species in bursts of adaptive radiation, and
points out the cataclysmic events that have disrupted evolution and diminished global diversity
over the past 600 million years. The five enormous natural blows to the planet (such as meteorite
strikes and climatic changes) required 10 to 100 million years of evolutionary repair. The sixth
great spasm of extinction on earth—caused this time entirely by humans—may be the one that
breaks the crucible of life. Wilson identifies this crisis in countless ecosystems around the globe:
coral reefs, grasslands, rain forests, and other natural habitats. Drawing on a variety of examples
such as the decline of bird populations in the United States, the extinction of many species of
freshwater fish in Africa and Asia, and the rapid disappearance of flora and fauna as the rain
forests are cut down, he poignantly describes the death throes of the living world’s diversity—
projected to decline as much as 20 percent by the year 2020.
All evidence marshaled here resonates through Wilson’s tightly reasoned call for a spirit of
stewardship over the world’s biological wealth. He makes a plea for specific actions that will
enhance rather than diminish not just diversity but the quality of life on earth. Cutting through the
tangle of environmental issues that often obscure the real concern, Wilson maintains that the era
of confrontation between forces for the preservation of nature and those for economic
development is over; he convincingly drives home the point that both aims can, and must, be
integrated. Unparalleled in its range and depth, Wilson’s masterwork is essential reading for those
who care about preserving the world biological variety and ensuring our planet’s health.
THANK YOU FOR
C

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