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Introduction To Cell As Biochemical Machinnary Block

1. The document introduces cells as the basic unit of life and discusses their defining characteristics. 2. Cells come in two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack internal structures while eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles. 3. The document provides an overview of key cellular structures such as the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplast, and their functions in transport, protein production, and energy generation in the cell.

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66 views29 pages

Introduction To Cell As Biochemical Machinnary Block

1. The document introduces cells as the basic unit of life and discusses their defining characteristics. 2. Cells come in two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack internal structures while eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles. 3. The document provides an overview of key cellular structures such as the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and chloroplast, and their functions in transport, protein production, and energy generation in the cell.

Uploaded by

'mustikayanthi' Devi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Cell as biochemical machinnary block

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Cell Theory
All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem

Bacteria

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Two Types of Cells


Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic
Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic
Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms
Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Cell Parts
Organelles

Typical Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

Characteristic of living organism


1. Living things are highly organized, from the smallest part to largest. (cell tissueorgan organ system like cardiovascular system organ system functioning together living organism population (population of dogs, cats) community (all living in one area/place compose of many species including plants and animal.)

2. All living cells have an ability to acquire material from nature to produce energy. (CH, lipid, protein eating digestion metabolism energy In order to survive, organism must be able to achieve homeostasis. Each type of organism has a specialized way to stay in a balance with its outside and inside environment. You and I have an internal thermostat that helps us maintain body temperature of about 98,6 degrees Fahrenheit

3. All living things have an ability to respond to their environment result in movement toward safety, as young we learnedto avoid hot stoves and busy street 4. All living things have an ability to reproduce.(sexual reproduction and a-sexual reproduction/cloning) 5. All living things have an ability to adapt.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

A SEXUAL REPRODUCTION / CLONING

Cell Membrane
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell Wall
Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Inside the Cell

Nucleus
Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA

Nuclear Membrane
Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chromosomes
In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nucleolus
Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cytoplasm
Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material

Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Ribosomes
Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitochondria
Produces energy through chemical reactions breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Golgi Bodies
Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Lysosome
Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuoles
Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chloroplast
Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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