JIMMA UNIVERSITY
JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND
MANAGEMENT CHAIR
PROJECT MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP
BY LUCY F.(PHD)
2022/23
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Engineering Management
What is management?
What is construction management?
What is project?
How can one say that the project is a successful or a failure?
Phases of project management
Construction organization
What is management?
Management is the administration of an organization,
whether it is a business, a nonprofit organization, or
a government body.
Management is the coordination and administration of
tasks to achieve a goal.
Such administration activities include setting the
organization’s strategy and coordinating the efforts of
staff to accomplish these objectives through the
application of available resources
It is the art and science of managing resources of the
business.
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Management
It is an art of arranging group of people, various
activities and other resources in an organization to
achieve a common goal.
Management is the attainment of organizational goals
in an effective and efficient manner through planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling organizational
resources.
Construction management
A construction is a process of constructing something by man for one purpose or
another. It may be a high rise building, road, bridge, a dam, a dwelling place,
an airport, Satellite launching station, etc.
Construction management is a broad area of discussion and includes such
topics as construction contracts, construction methods and materials,
production and cost estimating, progress and cost control, quality control,
and safety.
Construction management may refer to a contractual arrangement under
which a firm supplies construction management services to a client.
In general it refers to the control of construction’s basic resources:
manpower, materials, equipment, money and time
Project
Projects are temporary, no matter how many years they last.
Why temporary?
This is because projects exist to solve particular problems and
achieve specific goals efficiently
A project is a carefully defined set of activities that use resources
◦ money, people, materials, energy, space, communication,
motivation to meet the pre-defined objectives.
◦ is some form of human activity that has a beginning, a
productive phase and an end, creating something that did not
exist before.
Project pre-requisite
Has a specific objective/scope to be completed within certain
specifications
Has defined start and end times
Has funding limits
Consume resources i.e. 4Ms.
Has usually geographical boundary
Characteristic of projects
1. Projects are Bound by Time
projects are temporary in nature. i.e projects have defined start and end
times within which the project concept is birthed, planned, executed, and
delivered.
Once project objectives have been met, the project comes to a close.
In addition to the time resource, projects are also bound within the
constraints of scope, quality, and cost. Project goals are thus formulated
within the available resources.
2. Projects are Purposeful
Projects are initiated to accomplish specific objectives against the
available resources. After the project’s purpose has been achieved, a
project will be brought to a close
CM_CI_AS 8
Cont’d
3. Projects Life Cycle to Accomplish Goals
The project life cycle represents the different phases that a project goes
through from starting to completion.
All projects typically go through four phases which are:
Initiation
Planning
Implementation
Closure
4. Projects are Unique
Projects are unique in purpose, goals, location, structure, resources,
activities, and other project variables to make each project different from
the others.
CM_CI_AS 9
Cont’d
5. Projects are Channels Used to Venture into the Unfamiliar
Every projects has a level of risk and uncertainty.
The level of risk differs from one project to another depending on how well the
project is planned and steered through the project life cycle phases, resources
available, or the toolset adopted to execute the project
6. Projects Require Cross-Departmental Collaboration
Projects require teams or individuals with different skills, roles, and
responsibilities in various departments to collaborate to achieve a common
purpose or solution.
7. A Project is a Single Entity
Even though a single project will bring together diverse skills, functions, roles,
participants, and even disciplines, it remains a single entity.
This is because all these components unite towards achieving the project goals.
CM_CI_AS 10
Successful Projects
Successful project is when planned deliverables are
produced within budget and on time.
In general successful project is
Finished within time
Accomplished within cost
Performed from the desired performance and
technology level while utilizing the assigned resources
effectively and efficiently.
Main reasons for project failure
Resource deficiency – insufficient resources to complete the project.
Inadequate time frame – having trouble completing the project on
time.
Unclear goals – lack of detailed documentation
Poorly managed stakeholder expectations – project scope changes
Inadequate risk management – failing to establish the risk associated
with each project can cause your project to fail.
CM_CI_AS 12
Essentials of Construction management
◦ To check up the wastage of material & labor
◦ To complete the work in shortest possible time
◦ To have less construction cost
◦ To improve the quality of work by using modern
construction equipment.
◦ To get proper coordination between all categories of
persons in the management
Project Management
Project management is the use of tools, knowledge, processes, and competencies to
ensure a project’s successful completion.
The main objective of project management is to complete a project within the
established goals of time, budget, and quality
Project management: is the process of
Initiation
planning,
organizing, and
managing tasks and resources to accomplish a defined objective, usually within
limitations on time, resources, or cost.
A project can be simple or it can be complex, for example, thousands of
interdependent tasks and resources with a large budget.
History of Project Management
Project management was developed from different fields of application
including construction, engineering, and defence.
Henry Gantt is called the father of planning and control techniques, who is
famously known for his use of the Gantt chart as a project management tool.
The development of "Program Evaluation and Review Technique" or PERT,
by Booz-Allen & Hamilton as part of the United States Navy's Polaris
missile submarine program
the "Critical Path Method" (CPM) was developed in a joint venture by both
DuPont Corporation and Remington Rand Corporation for managing plant
maintenance projects.
These mathematical techniques quickly spread into many private
enterprises.
Phases of Project Management
Scope
The 5 basic phases in the project
management process are:
Project Initiation
Project Planning
Project Execution
Project Monitoring and Controlling Quality
Time
Money
Project Closing Project management triangle
Or triple constraint triangle
Phases of Project Planning
During the planning phase of projects that will span a significant
length of time, it's important to define:
Objectives,
Assumptions, and
Constraints of the project.
Objectives
Target status at the end of the project, reaching of which is considered
necessary for the achievement of planned benefits. They can be
formulated as S.M.A.R.T. .
Specific:- Strategy to Set a Specific goal
Measurable:- Measuring the process or procedure of attaining a
goal at each phase.
Achievable/Acceptable:- Concept of deciding whether a goal is
achievable or not. May not practical or conceivable in the real
world
Realistic /Relevant:- relevant to the other same business goals.
Time-bounded:- To set a specific period to achieve the goal.
Example
1. Is this SMART ? The construction project managers set an objective
to build an apartment of 12 floors within 6 months, which is feasible
with 20 workers by utilizing prefabricated walls for fast
construction.
Specific:- construct an apartment of 12 floors
Measurable: The speed of the project can be measured by the time
seized for each
Attainable:- use prefabricated walls, which are only to be positioned
with less effort, which makes the project achievable.
Relevant: The project is relevant to their main construction business.
Time-bound: The project has a specific period to be completed in 6
months.
CM_CI_AS 19
Assumptions
A project assumption is used to define a factor that’s
true, real or certain, even if there isn’t proof. But not
always true
An assumption can be an event or circumstance that
one expects to happen over the life cycle of the project.
The more reasonable those assumptions, the better the
project
If you're making any assumptions that support the
goals and successful outcome of the project, these
assumptions need to be specified ahead of time.
Constraints
Project constraints are limiting factors for your
project that can impact quality, delivery, and overall
project success.
Any limiting factors or project constraints should be
spelled out.
Identifying limits and constraints can also help you
plan contingencies for potential problems.
Phases of Project Planning….
The plan includes considerations for risk management,
resource management and communications, while also
addressing scope, cost and schedule baselines
Start a project plan
Define project deliverables
Plan project activities
Define phases and create a task list
Show the project's organization
Estimate task durations
Phases of Project… Cont’d…
Set task dependencies and constraints
Create interrelationships between projects
Plan for and procure resources
Build the project team
Share resources among projects
Assign resources to tasks
Phases of Project… Cont’d…
Plan project costs
Plan communication and security
Optimize a project plan
Distribute a project plan
Track progress
Manage scope and its risk
Review project information
Construction organization
In these organizations, majority of the members are in
the technical world. If not, they will have some
representative to deal with the technical aspect of the
proceedings.
All of the organizations in this area are usually under
the supervision of the trade and industry, and offices
of engineering works and development.
Construction organizational chart
It helps to clarify who is responsible for what, how decisions are
made, and how communication flows within the organization
A typical construction company organizational chart may include
HR, Purchasing, Project Engineering, Financial, and Marketing
functions, as well as the top management.
Depending on the size and type of the company, the organization
chart may vary in complexity and detail, from a simple flowchart to a
hierarchical diagram
CM_CI_AS 26
Management team and their departments
Depending on the size and focus of the Marketing
construction company, the management
team may be responsible for: Community relations
Project management Business development
Materials purchasing Sales
Engineering Logistics and operations
Human resources Risk management and insurance
Finance
.
CM_CI_AS 27
Construction organization…
General
manager
Construction Facility Financial Material
supervisor supervisor specialist supervisor
Construction organization
Construction supervisor
Structural/Architectural/
Accessories
Electrical
Mechanical
Subcontractors
Construction organization
Facility
supervisor
Security
warehouse
Safety and
maintenance
Construction organization
Material
supervisor
Material
acquisition
Equipment
acquisition
Quality control
for laboratory
Construction organization
Financial Analysts
Labour/material/
equipment
subcontractor
Assignment I(Individual)
1. Show your company organizational chart
2. from organizational chart, under which category is your
specific position?
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Thank you for
your
attention
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