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Oracle Lab 3

This document discusses different types of SQL functions in Oracle including: - Single row functions like number, character, date/time, and conversion functions that perform calculations and modify individual data items. - Group/aggregate functions that modify output for groups of rows. It provides examples of specific single row number functions like ABS, CEIL, FLOOR, MOD, POWER, SQRT, TRUNC, and ROUND. It also lists some common character functions like CHR, CONCAT, INITCAP, LOWER, UPPER, and others.

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25 views18 pages

Oracle Lab 3

This document discusses different types of SQL functions in Oracle including: - Single row functions like number, character, date/time, and conversion functions that perform calculations and modify individual data items. - Group/aggregate functions that modify output for groups of rows. It provides examples of specific single row number functions like ABS, CEIL, FLOOR, MOD, POWER, SQRT, TRUNC, and ROUND. It also lists some common character functions like CHR, CONCAT, INITCAP, LOWER, UPPER, and others.

Uploaded by

kanoujiya28501
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ORACLE LAB 3

FUNCTIONS
SQL Functions
SQL functions are built into Oracle
The functions can be used to perform the
following:
◦ Perform complex calculation on data
◦ Modify individual data items
◦ Modify output for a group of rows
◦ Alter formats for display including date
formats
Types of function
Single row functions
◦ Number functions
◦ Character functions
◦ Date Time functions
◦ Conversion functions
◦ General functions

Group functions or Aggregate functions


Number functions
ABS(n)
CEIL(n)
FLOOR(n)
MOD(m,n)
POWER(m,n)
SIGN(n)
SQRT(n)
TRUNC(m,[n])
ROUND (m,[n])
ABS(n)
Thisfunction returns the
magnitude(absolute value) of n

select ABS(-87) from dual;

Dual – is a null table used to test various sql


commands
CEIL (n)
This function finds the smallest integer
greater than or equal to n

select CEIL(87), CEIL(87.3), CEIL(-87.1)


from dual;
FLOOR(n)
This integer finds the largest integer less
than or equal to the value of n

select FLOOR(87), FLOOR(87.3),


FLOOR(-87.1) from dual;
MOD (m,n)
This function returns the remainder of m
divided by n. It returns m if n = 0.

select mod(15,4), mod(3,4) from dual;


POWER (m,n)
Thisfunction returns m raised to the
power of n

select power(2,4) from dual;


SQRT(n)
This function returns the square root of n.
If n is null then the result is NULL. The
value of n should always be positive.

select SQRT (20), SQRT(9) from dual;


TRUNC (m,[n])
This function truncates m to n decimal
places. If n is omitted then it is truncated
to no decimal places.
If n is negative than the numbers left to
the decimal point are truncated to 0

select TRUNC (91.783,1), TRUNC


(91.783,2), TRUNC (91.783,0), TRUNC
(91.783,-2) from dual;
ROUND (m,[n])
This function rounds m to n decimal
places. If n is omitted it is rounded to no
decimal places. If n is negative, numbers
left of the decimal point are rounded

select round(91.783,1), round(91.783,-1),


round (91.783) from dual ;
Character Function returning character
 CHR(x)
 CONCAT(string1,string2)
 INITCAP(string)
 LOWER(string)
 UPPER(string)
 LPAD(char1,n[,char2]))
 RPAD(char1,n[,char2]))
 LTRIM(string, ‘char\s’)
 RTRIM(string, ‘char\s’)
 TRIM(string2 from string1)
 SUBSTR(string,m[,n])
 REPLACE(String, search_str[,replace_str])
 TRANSLATE(string, from_str, to_str)
CHR(x)
This function returns the character that
has the value equivalent to x in the
database character set

select chr(121) from dual;


CONCAT(string1,string2)
This function returns string1 concatenated
with string2

Select concat(‘ABC’,’DEF’) from dual;


INITCAP(string)
This function capitalizes the first
character of each word in the string

select INITCAP(‘my name is manas


mukul’) from dual;
LOWER(string)
This function converts the string to lower
case

select LOWER(‘MY NAME IS MANAS


Mukul’) from dual;
UPPER(string)
This function converts the string to upper
case

select UPPER(‘my name is Manas Mukul’)


from dual;

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