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CS201 18

This document discusses file handling in C++ programming. It covers opening, reading, and closing text and binary files using file streams. The key points are: - Text and binary files can be opened for reading and writing using ifstream, ofstream, and fstream objects. - Functions like open(), close(), get(), put(), eof(), getline() are used to access file contents. - Modes like ios::in, ios::out, ios::app specify how the file will be opened. - Files must be opened before reading or writing, and closed after to prevent errors and leaks.

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30 views37 pages

CS201 18

This document discusses file handling in C++ programming. It covers opening, reading, and closing text and binary files using file streams. The key points are: - Text and binary files can be opened for reading and writing using ifstream, ofstream, and fstream objects. - Functions like open(), close(), get(), put(), eof(), getline() are used to access file contents. - Modes like ios::in, ios::out, ios::app specify how the file will be opened. - Files must be opened before reading or writing, and closed after to prevent errors and leaks.

Uploaded by

bc200403674
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Programming

Lecture 18
File
Types of Files
 Text Files

 Executable Programs
 Memory is volatile

 Any data that you key in by keyboard


while a program is running is also
volatile
File Handling

 Text files handling

 Binary files handling


Steps to handle file
 Open the File

 Read / Write the File

 Close the File


Streams
Header File for File
Handling

fstream.h
Header File for File
Handling

#include <fstream.h>
Input File Stream

ifstream
Output file stream

ofstream
Example 1
#include <fstream.h>

ifstream myFile ;

myFile.open ( “payRoll.txt” ) ;
Fully Qualified Path Name

C:\myProg\payRoll.txt
Access file data
myfile >> var1;

We can also write:


myfile >> var1 >> var2 ;
Close the File

myFile.close ( ) ;
Process : Open
myfile.open ( “payRoll.txt” ) ;

myFile payRoll.txt
payRoll.txt
Process: Close
myfile.close ( “payRoll.txt” ) ;

payRoll.txt
payRoll.txt
myFile
X
Example 1
ifstream myFile ;
myFile.open ( “myFile.txt” ) ;

if ( !myFile ) // Error check


{
cout << “Your file could not be
opened”;
}
------
myFile.close ( ) ;
Output File Modes
 Create a new file
 Overwrite an existing file
 Append some text
 Randomly accessing a file
Syntax
fStream fileVar ( “fileName” , mode ) ; // Generic syntax
Opening
Mode

ifstream myfile ( “myfile.txt” , ios :: in ) ;


Opening
Mode

ofstream myfile ( “myfile.txt” , ios :: out ) ;


List of File Handling Modes

ios :: in open for reading (default for ifstream)


ios :: out open for writing (default for ofstream)
ios :: app start writing at end of file (APPend)
ios :: ate start reading or writing at EOF of file (ATEnd)
ios :: trunc truncate file to zero length if it exists (TRUNCate)
ios :: nocreate error when opening if file does not already exist
ios :: noreplace error when opening for output if file already exists
ios :: binary open file in binary (not text) mode
 Append
ofstream myfile (“myfile.txt” , ios :: app ) ;
 Random Access
ofstream myfile ( “myfile.txt” , ios :: ate ) ;
 Truncate
ofstream myfile ( “myfile.txt” , ios::trunc ) ;
myfile.eof ( )

while ( !myfile.eof ( ) )
{
myfile >> varName ;
}
get ( )

char ch ;
myFile.get ( ch ) ;
Example 2
while ( !myFile.eof ( ) )
{
myFile.get ( ch ) ;
cout << ch ;
}
put ( )

outputFile.put ( ch ) ;
ifstream myInputFile ( “myfile.txt” , ios :: in ) ;

ofstream myOnputFile ( “myfile.txt” , ios :: out ) ;


int i ;
i=0;

int i = 0 ;
Open file

ifstream myInputFile ( “myfile.txt” ) ;


Open file

ofstream myOnputFile ( “myfile.txt” ) ;


strtok ( )
getline ( ) function
Syntax of getline function
Numbers of
Character characters to
array be read

myfile.getline (char *s, int n, char delim);


delimiter
Syntax of getline function
Input
Hello World

myfile.getline ( arrayString , 20 , ’W’ ) ;

Output
Hello
File

Amir 1000
Amara 1002
strtok ( string , delimiter )
Example
char * namePtr , *salaryPtr , arr [ 30 ] ;
double fSalary = 0.0 ;
inFile.getline ( arr , 30 , ‘\n’ ) ;
namePtr = strtok ( arr , " " ) ;
salaryPtr = strtok ( NULL , " " ) ;
fSalary = atof ( salaryPtr ) ;
:

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