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CS201 17

The document discusses string handling and manipulation in C programming. It introduces strings and characters, and describes various string and character functions in the ctype.h header file for checking character types. It also covers string conversion functions like atoi(), atof() and functions for copying, comparing, concatenating, and searching strings.

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24 views33 pages

CS201 17

The document discusses string handling and manipulation in C programming. It introduces strings and characters, and describes various string and character functions in the ctype.h header file for checking character types. It also covers string conversion functions like atoi(), atof() and functions for copying, comparing, concatenating, and searching strings.

Uploaded by

bc200403674
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Programming

Lecture 17
String Handling
String Manipulation Functions
Character
ASCII
1 byte = 8 bits
Example 1
#include<iostream.h>
main ( )
{
int i ;
char c ;
for( i = 0; i < 256 ; i ++ )
{
c=i;
cout << i << “\t” << c <<endl ;
}
}
Header File

ctype.h
#include<ctype.h>
ctype Functions
int isdigit ( int c ) int isspace ( int c )
int isalpha ( int c ) int iscntrl ( int c )
int isalnum ( int c ) int ispunct ( int c )
int isxdigit ( int c ) int isprint ( int c )
int islower ( int c ) int isgraph ( int c )
int isupper ( int c )
int tolower ( int c )
int toupper ( int c )
isdigit ( ) Function

int isdigit ( int c ) ;


isalpha ( ) Function

int isalpha ( int c ) ;


isalnum ( ) Function

int isalnum ( int c ) ;


islower ( ) Function

int islower ( int c ) ;


isupper ( ) Function

int isupper ( int c ) ;


tolower ( ) Function

int tolower ( int c ) ;


toupper ( ) Function

int toupper ( int c ) ;


getchar ( ) ;
cout << “Please enter a character string then press enter”;
while ( ( c = getchar ( ) ) != ‘\n’ )
{
if ( islower ( c ) )
lc ++ ;
else if ( isupper ( c ) )
uc ++ ;
else if (isdigit ( c ) )
dig ++;
else if ( isspace ( c ) )
ws ++ ;
else if ( ispunct ( c ) )
pun ++ ;
else
oth ++ ;
}
String Conversion Functions

double atof ( char * str )


int atoi (char * str )
long atol (char * str )
atoi ( ) Function
char str [ ] ;
int age ;
age = atoi ( str ) ;
atof ( ) Function

12.89
atof ( ) Function
char str [ ] ;
double dVar ;
dVar = atof ( str ) ;
int main (int agrc, char **agrv )

‘argc’ stands for a count of the number of


arguments

‘argv’ stands for a vector of arguments


String Functions
String Manipulation Functions
Function prototype Function description
char *strcpy( char *s1, Copies string s2 into array s1. The value of s1 is
const char *s2 ) returned.
char *strncpy( char *s1, Copies at most n characters of strings2 into array s1.
const char *s2, size_t n) The value of s1 is returned.

int strcmp( const char *s1, Compares string s1 to s2


const char *s2 ); Returns a negative number ifs1 < s2, zero if s1 == s2
or a positive number ifs1 > s2
int strncmp( const char *s1, Compares up to n characters of strings1 to s2
const char *s2, size_t n ); Returns values as above

char *strcat( char *s1, Appends string s2 to array s1. The first character of
const char *s2 ) s2 overwrites the terminating null character of s1.
The value of s1 is returned.
char *strncat( char *s1, Appends at most n characters of strings2 to array s1.
const char *s2, size_t n ) The first character ofs2 overwrites the terminating
null character of s1. The value of s1 is returned.
int sum ;
int sum_even ;
int sum_odd ;

myStrcpy ( ) ;
String Manipulation
Functions
char * strcpy (char *s1 , const char *s2 ) ;

char * strncpy ( char *s1 , char *s2 , int n ) ;

char * strcat (char *s1 , char *s2 ) ;

char * strncat ( char *s1 , char *s2 , int n ) ;


strcmp ( ) Function

int strcmp (const char *s1 , const char *s2 ) ;


strncmp ( ) Function

int strncmp ( const char *s1 , const char *s2 , int n ) ;


strlen ( ) Function

int strlen ( const char *s ) ;


Search Functions
Search Functions
Function prototype Function description

char *strchr( const char *s, Locates the first occurrence of characterc in string s. If c is found, a pointer to c in
int c ); s is returned. Otherwise, a NULL pointer is returned.
size_t strcspn( const char Determines and returns the length of the initial segment of strings1 consisting of
*s1, const char *s2 ); characters not contained in string s2.
size_t strspn( const char Determines and returns the length of the initial segment of strin
g s1 consisting only
*s1, const char *s2 ); of characters contained in strings2.
char *strpbrk( const char Locates the first occurrence in strings1 of any character in strings2. If a character
*s1, const char *s2 ); from string s2 is found, a pointer to the character in string s1 is returned. Other-
wise, a NULL pointer is returned.
char *strrchr( const char *s, Locates the last occurrence ofc in string s. If c is found, a pointer to c in string s is
int c ); returned. Otherwise, a NULL pointer is returned.
char *strstr( const char *s1, Locates the first occurrence in strings1 of string s2. If the string is found, a pointer
const char *s2 ); to the string in s1 is returned. Otherwise, a NULL pointer is returned.
char *strtok( char *s1, const A sequence of calls to strtok breaks string s1 into “tokens”—logical pieces such
char *s2 ); as words in a line of text—separated by characters contained in strings2. The first
call contains s1 as the first argument, and subsequent calls to continue tokenizing
the same string contain NULL as the first argument. A pointer to the current token is
returned by each call. If there are no more tokens when the function is called,NULL
is returned.
This is a test

““ wrong
‘‘ right
NULL

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