Scribd
Upload
22 views16 pages

OSI Model

The document discusses the OSI model, which defines a standard architecture for network communication. The OSI model divides communication into 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. Each layer performs specific communication functions and passes data to the next layer. This layered approach simplifies network design, management, and debugging of communication issues.

Uploaded by

Pratik Sapkal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views16 pages

OSI Model

The document discusses the OSI model, which defines a standard architecture for network communication. The OSI model divides communication into 7 layers - physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. Each layer performs specific communication functions and passes data to the next layer. This layered approach simplifies network design, management, and debugging of communication issues.

Uploaded by

Pratik Sapkal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

OSI Model

OSI MODEL

Presented by
Chetan Gode
OSI Model

Communication Architecture
Strategy for connecting host computers and other
communicating equipment.
Defines necessary elements for data communication between
devices.
A communication architecture, therefore, defines a standard
for the communicating hosts.
A programmer formats data in a manner defined by the
communication architecture and passes it on to the
communication software.
OSI Model

Layer Architecture
Layer architecture simplifies the network design.
It is easy to debug network applications in a layered
architecture network.
The network management is easier due to the layered
architecture.
Network layers follow a set of rules, called protocol.
The protocol defines the format of the data being exchanged,
and the control and timing for the handshake between layers.
OSI Model

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model

International standard organization (ISO) established a


committee in 1977 to develop an architecture for computer
communication.
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model is the
result of this effort.
In 1984, the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference
model was approved as an international standard for
communications architecture.
Term “open” denotes the ability to connect any two systems
which conform to the reference model and associated standards.
Note

ISO is the organization;


OSI is the model.

5 TCP/IP Protocol Suite


OSI Model

OSI Reference Model


The OSI reference model divides the problem of moving
information between computers over a network medium into
SEVEN smaller and more manageable problems .
This separation into smaller more manageable functions is
known as layering.
OSI Model

OSI Reference Model: 7 Layers


Figure 2.6 Summary of OSI Layers

8 TCP/IP Protocol Suite


OSI Model

Physical Layer
Provides physical interface for transmission of information.

Defines rules by which bits are passed from one system to


another on a physical communication medium.
Covers all - mechanical, electrical, functional and procedural -
aspects for physical communication.
Such characteristics as voltage levels, timing of voltage changes,
physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, physical
connectors, and other similar attributes are defined by physical
layer specifications.
OSI Model

Data Link Layer


Data link layer attempts to provide reliable communication over
the physical layer interface.

Breaks the outgoing data into frames and reassemble the


received frames.
Create and detect frame boundaries.
Handle errors by implementing an acknowledgement and
retransmission scheme.
Implement flow control.
Supports points-to-point as well as broadcast communication.
Supports simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex communication.
OSI Model

Network Layer
Implements routing of frames (packets) through the network.

Defines the most optimum path the packet should take from the
source to the destination
Defines logical addressing so that any endpoint can be
identified.
Handles congestion in the network.
Facilitates interconnection between heterogeneous networks
(Internetworking).
The network layer also defines how to fragment a packet into
smaller packets to accommodate different media.
OSI Model

Transport Layer
Purpose of this layer is to provide a reliable mechanism for the
exchange of data between two processes in different computers.

Ensures that the data units are delivered error free.


Ensures that data units are delivered in sequence.
Ensures that there is no loss or duplication of data units.
Provides connectionless or connection oriented service.
Provides for the connection management.
Multiplex multiple connection over a single channel.
OSI Model

Session Layer
Session layer provides mechanism for controlling the dialogue
between the two end systems. It defines how to start, control and end
conversations (called sessions) between applications.

This layer requests for a logical connection to be established on an


end-user’s request.
Any necessary log-on or password validation is also handled by this
layer.
Session layer is also responsible for terminating the connection.
This layer provides services like dialogue discipline which can be full
duplex or half duplex.
Session layer can also provide check-pointing mechanism such that if
a failure of some sort occurs between checkpoints, all data can be
retransmitted from the last checkpoint.
OSI Model

Presentation Layer
Presentation layer defines the format in which the data is to be
exchanged between the two communicating entities.
Also handles data compression and data encryption
(cryptography).
OSI Model

Application Layer
1. Application layer interacts with application programs and is
the highest level of OSI model.
2. Application layer contains management functions to support
distributed applications.
3. Examples of application layer are applications such as file
transfer, electronic mail, remote login etc.
OSI Model

OSI in Action
A message begins at the top
application layer and moves down the
OSI layers to the bottom physical
layer.
As the message descends, each
successive OSI model layer adds a
header to it.
A header is layer-specific information
that basically explains what functions
the layer carried out.
Conversely, at the receiving end,
headers are striped from the message
as it travels up the corresponding
layers.

You might also like