UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity – Work ethic –

Service learning – Civic virtue – Respect for others –
Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty –
Courage – Valuing time – Cooperation – Commitment –
Empathy – Self confidence – Character – Spirituality.

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 Ethics Defined
 Moral codes are the rules that establish the boundaries of
generally accepted behavior.
 Morality refers to social conventions about right and
wrong human conduct.
 Ethics are beliefs regarding right and wrong behavior.
 Virtues are habits that incline us to do what is acceptable.
 Vices are habits that incline us to do what is unacceptable.
 Value System is the complex scheme of moral values that
we choose to live by.
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 The Importance of Integrity

Integrity is used to refer to people who act in ways

that are consistent with their own code of principles.

You often reflect on your principles when you

consider what you “ought” to do in different
situations.

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 Ethics in the Business World

Globalization of organizations has created a complex

business world.
Risk is the likelihood of a negative event times the impact
of the event.

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 Why Business Ethics are Important

Protect the organization and its employees from legal

action.
Create an organization that operates consistently.

Produce good business.

Avoid unfavorable publicity.

Gain the goodwill of the community.

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 Code of Conduct
 A guide that highlights an organization’s key ethical issues
and identifies the overarching values and principles that
are important to the organization and that can help in
decision making.
 The code of conduct helps ensure that employees:
 Abide by the law.
 Follow necessary regulations.
 Behave in an ethical manner.

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 Ethical Decision Making

1. Get the facts.

2. Identify the stakeholders and their positions.
3. Consider the consequences of your decision.
4. Weigh various guidelines and principles (Virtue, Utilitarian,
Fairness, Common Good).
5. Develop and evaluate options.
6. Review your decision.
7. Evaluate the results of your decision.
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Four Common Approaches Used in Ethical Decision-
Making
Approach to Dealing Principle
with Moral Issues
Virtue Approach The ethical choice is the one that best reflects
moral virtues in ourselves and our community.
Utilitarian Approach The ethical choice is the one that produces the
greatest excess of benefits over harm.
Fairness Approach The ethical choice is the one that treats
everyone the same and does not show
Common Good favoritism
The ethicalorchoice
discrimination.
is the one that advances the
Approach common good.
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 Ethics in Information Technology
The increased use of information technology has raised many
ethical issues for today’s IT professional.
Licensing of IT professionals

Internet communication

Intellectual property

Employee/employer issues
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 Work ethic
 Work ethic is a set of values based on hard work and diligence. It is also
a belief in the moral benefit of work and its ability to enhance character.
A work ethic may include being reliable, having initiative, or pursuing
new skills.
 Workers exhibiting a good work ethic in theory should be selected for
better positions, more responsibility and ultimately promotion.
 Workers who fail to exhibit a good work ethic may be regarded as failing
to provide fair value for the wage the employer is paying them and
should not be promoted or placed in positions of greater responsibility.
 Work ethic is not just hard work but also a set of accompanying virtues,
whose crucial role in the development and sustaining of free markets.
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 What Is Service-Learning?
Service-Learning is a teaching and learning strategy that
integrates meaningful community service with instruction and
reflection to enrich the learning experience, teach civic
responsibility, and strengthen communities.

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 Differentiating Service-Learning from Other Forms
of Education
Experiential Learning: The knowledge and skills acquired
through life, work experience and study which have not been
formally attested through any educational or professional
certification.
Internship: A work-related learning experience for
individuals who wish to develop hands on work experience
in a certain occupational field
Practicum: A college course that is designed to give students
supervised practical application of a previously studied
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 Civic virtue
Civic virtue is the moral underpinning of how a citizen behaves and is
involved in society. It is a standard of righteous behavior in relation to a
citizens’ involvement in society.
A individual may exhibit civic virtue by voting, volunteering and organizing
other community activities.
Without an understanding of civic virtue, citizens are less likely to look
beyond their families, friends and economic interests.
They are less likely to help others in the community, to volunteer their time, to
give to nonprofit organizations or to participate in group activity that benefits
society.
Related ideas for civic virtue are citizenship, philanthropy, public good,
voluntarism and social capital.
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 Respect for others
Respect is a feeling of admiration or deference toward a person,
group, ideal, or indeed almost any entity or concept, as well as
specific actions and conduct representative of that esteem.
Whether between spouses, friends, coworkers, or business
acquaintances, if there is a history of mutual respect and sincere
gratitude, the people involved are generally happier and more
successful. We live in a world where there are many differences
between people, but with an open mind and an appreciation of
each person’s contributions to this world, we strengthen our
relationships and our community.
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 How to Show Respect
Listen it sounds easy, but listening–truly listening–can be one of the
hardest skills to master. If you want a person to know you respect
him or her, then tune into what that person is saying. Look them in
the eye and offer feedback when necessary. Everyone appreciates
the person who willing listens to them and shows genuine interest in
what they have to say.
Encourage If you’ve ever had a bad day, then you know the power a
little encouragement can have. We’ve all had moments when we
need someone to tell us, “don’t worry, things will work out.” It
might not seem like much at the time, but that person will remember
that you took the time and interest in their feelings and well-being. A
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smile and uplifting word can truly brighten someone’s day.
 How to Show Respect
Congratulate If someone does a great job, let them know about it. In fact, let everyone
know about it. Openly congratulate someone for a job well done, especially if you’re a
manager. Employees will work harder and happier knowing their manager has a mutual
respect for them and is willing to express praise and gratitude when it’s deserved.
Be Helpful If you find a friend or coworker in a jam, be willing to help them if at possible.
Not to say you should take on half their project, but offering some advice or throwing in a
bit of your time will mean a lot. If that friend or coworker has helped you in the past, then
returning the favor will be a nice way to show both your respect and gratitude.
Say Thank You I’m sure this one seems like common sense, but many people just forget to
say thank you or at least forget how to say it with sincerity. A thank you can be as small as
two words or as much as buying someone a gift; nevertheless, if the action is not done with
100% sincerity then it is wasted. Make sure people know you appreciate them and their
actions. Simply saying it in front of someone else can make a big impact.

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 Living Peaceful
Our principle of ‘Peaceful living’ centers on the ethical and sustainable application of
technologies which would aim to provide basic needs for everyone without
compromising the planet’s resources. Here are the steps which can help you to discover
your journey towards living in peace.
 Seek to love, not control others. ...
 Find Your Inner Peace. ...
 Moderate your convictions. ...
 Be tolerant. ...
 Be Peace. ...
 Reflection of thought. ...
 Seek forgiveness, not revenge. ...
 Live in joy.
 Be the change you wish to see in the World.
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 Caring
Being caring allows you to have empathy for others and to live a life based on
affection, love, and compassion for the people around you. Being caring means
providing a listening ear, noticing when someone needs help, and helping your
community without asking for a reward. If you want to know how to be more
caring today, see Steps to get started.
 Be polite: You don't have to be overly formal to be polite. You just have to be
considerate of other people and make them feel comfortable in your presence.
 Be affectionate: Actions really can speak louder than words sometimes.
Though telling a person you care can make a big difference, sometimes giving
that person a hug or putting your arm around him or her can have that extra
impact.
 Listen to people: When someone is talking to you, make eye contact, put
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 Caring Steps to get started
 Be more generous: Being generous, whether it's with your time or your money,

can go a long way in being a more caring person.

 Treat others like you want to be treated: If you want to be more caring, then

you have to be kind and thoughtful toward others, and think of how you would
feel if you were in their shoes.
 Be considerate of others: Being considerate is another major aspect of being

caring. If you want to be considerate, then you have to respect the people around
you, and to avoid making a nuisance of yourself.
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 Sharing
Sharing is the joint use of a resource or space. In its narrow sense, it refers
to joint or alternating use of inherently finite goods, such as a common
pasture or a shared residence. It is also the process of dividing and
distributing.
Apart from obvious instances, which we can observe in human activity, we
can also find many examples of this happening in nature.
When an organism takes in nutrition or oxygen for instance, its internal
organs are designed to divide and distribute the energy taken in, to supply
parts of its body that need it. Flowers divide and distribute their seeds.
In a broader sense, it can also include free granting of use rights to goods
that can be treated as non rival goods, such as information
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 Honesty
Honesty refers to a facet of moral character and connotes positive and
virtuous attributes such as integrity, truthfulness, straightforwardness,
including straightforwardness of conduct, along with the absence of
lying, cheating, theft, etc.
Furthermore, honesty means being trustworthy, loyal, fair, and
sincere.
Honesty is valued in many ethnic and religious cultures .
"Honesty is the best policy" is a proverb of Benjamin Franklin;
"Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom" proverb of
Thomas Jefferson.
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 Courage

Courage (also called bravery, bravado or valour) is the choice

and willingness to confront agony, pain, danger, uncertainty or
intimidation. Physical courage is courage in the face of
physical pain, hardship, death or threat of death, while moral
courage is the ability to act rightly in the face of popular
opposition, shame, scandal, discouragement, or personal loss.
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 Valuing Time
A first step in good time management is to understand the value of your time.
 If you are employed by someone else, you need to understand how much your
employer is paying for your time, and how much profit he or she expects to make
from you.
If you are working for yourself, you should have an idea of how much income you
L
want to bring in after tax. By working these figures back to an hourly rate, this
gives you an idea of the value of your time.
By knowing the value of your time, you should be able to tell what tasks are
worthwhile to perform, and which tasks give a poor return. This helps you cut
away the low value jobs, or argue for help with them.

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 Cooperation
 Cooperation is the process of groups of organisms working or acting together for common
or mutual benefit, as opposed to working in competition for selfish benefit.
 Many animal and plant species cooperate both with other members of their own species
and with members of other species
Commitment
 Commitment is willingness to give your time and energy to something that you
believe in, or a promise or firm decision to do something.
Commitment means acceptance of the responsibilities and duties and cooperation means
help and assistance. By developing team commitment and cooperation in a work team
you are assisting the team to meet its goals and objectives. Work teams that are
committed and cooperative are more likely to achieve the goals the business has set.

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 Empathy

Empathy is the ability to mutually experience the thoughts,

emotions, and direct experience of others.

The ability to understand another person’s circumstances,

point of view, thoughts, and feelings is empathy.

When experiencing empathy, you are able to understand

someone else’s internal experiences.

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 Self Confidence
Self-confidence relates to self-assuredness in one's personal
judgment, ability, power, etc., sometimes manifested
excessively. Being confident in yourself is infectious if you
present yourself well, others will want to follow in your foot
steps towards success.
 Promise yourself, no matter how difficult the problem life
throws at you, that you will try as hard as you can to help
yourself.
You acknowledge that sometimes your efforts to help
yourself may not result in success, as often being properly
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 Character
Character traits are all the aspects of a person's behavior and attitudes that
make up that person's personality. Everyone has character traits, both good
and bad.
Some character traits have to do with your underlying values or beliefs. Some
examples of these types of character traits include: Religious, Honest, Loyal,
Devoted, Loving, Kind, Sincere, Devoted, Ambitious, Satisfied, Happy,
Faithful, Patient, Determined, Persistent, Adventurous, Homebody,
Considerate, Cooperative, Cheerful, Optimistic, Pessimistic, Funny.
Some character traits can be bad, and you may not want these traits associated
with you. Some examples of these types of character traits include: Dishonest,
Disloyal, Unkind, Mean, Rude, Disrespectful, Impatient, Greedy, Angry,
Pessimistic, Repugnant, Cruel, Unmerciful, Wicked, Obnoxious, Malicious,
Grumpy, Quarrelsome, Caustic, Selfish, Unforgiving
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 Character

A leader or person who likes to be in charge may have the following character
traits: Domineering, Boorish, Persuasive, Ambitious, Bossy, Disparaging,
Picky, Sly, Cold-hearted, Rude, Self-centered, Conceited
Some character traits can be consciously developed, learned or acquired. For
example, character traits that you may consciously choose to learn or adopt
include: Educated or Informed
Some character traits for children include: Playful, Zany, Active, Wild, Silly,
Affectionate, Funny, Rough, Talkative, Rowdy, Smart, Fidgety, Shy, Lively,
Submissive, Stubborn

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