Kinnow Processing

Muhammad Maaz SP10-BB-0043 Farooqui

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Agenda

Introduction Pakistan Scenario Seedless kinnow export Process flow chart & total flow system Processing of kinnow Existing Capacity of Kinnow Processing Major Payers in Pakistan Cost Of Project
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Pakistan export

INTRODUCTION

Kinnow Is Discovered by H.B Frost at Citrus Research center, California University, Riverside. USA in 1935. Kinnow was evolved as a result of cross between king & willow-leaf both of the parents have indo-china origins. Therefore name is derived by combining the first and last words of the two parents i.e. KIN from King and OW from willow joined by N in the center to form Kinnow. 4/28/12

INTRODUCTION(cont)

Kinnow contains 12 to 25 seeds. Its size ranges from 64mm to 84mm in diameter.

Seed less kinnow are introduced in Europe. Kinnow harvest season start from mid November and continues up to May, but January to March is the peak season.
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INTRODUCTION(cont)

The storage life varies from 60 days(late harvest) to 90 days(early harvest) if placed inside cold storage at 5 degree Celsius .

Kinnow tree contain average 1000 kinnows.

Kinnow is widely use in juices, jams, cosmetics, desserts & jelly's.

Pakistan scenario

Punjab agriculture college & research institute Faisalabad introduced kinnow in Pakistan in 1943

With 2.294 million tons (Economy survey of Pakistan 2007-08), Pakistan is the 10th largest producer of kinnow

Area under different varieties indicates that about 86 per cent of the citrus is covered by Kinnow (TDAP)

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Its is cultivate on 5 lakhs acres

Pakistan scenario(cont)

Sargodha is largest producer & famous for taste and quality of kinnow

There are more than 250 factories in Sargodha which do grading & polishing

30% of kinnow is wasted every season due to lack of technique and knowledge .(TDAP)

Pakistan kinnow is introduced to more than 25 countries of the world

Pakistan scenario(cont)

A plant having a capacity of processing 8 tons of Kinnow per hour is considered to an economically viable plant. This means, that for a total season of 135 days, a total of 8,640 tons of Kinnow can be processed, if the plant runs at 8 hours per day. (SMEDA)

The total cost of project is average PRs. 67.09 million

Seedless kinnow export

Pakistan is looking forward to produce citrus fruits having 3-5 seeds each as compared to 20 to 25 seeds each piece The production of seedless kinnow on commercial scale in orchards of Sahiwal would probably be started by this year(2011) and hopefully show bright prospects of export(DAWN) The production of seedless kinnows is the result of the public-private partnership by Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Citrus Research Institute of 4/28/12

Process Flow Chart

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Processing : Washing

After careful plucking of Kinnow from orchards, fruits are sent to packinghouse where first, fruits are graded on a conveyor belt, any substandard fruit are removed at 4/28/12 initial stage.

Processing: Waxing

Kinnows are then passed through high pressure of water, which ensures that any leftover dirt is removed After washing kinnows are forwarded to special dryers which dry all water from the surface of mandarins. Since it is pre-waxing stage and Kinnows must be completely dry before waxing.

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Processing : Drying

It is important to dry kinnow after washing as waxed is to be coated. Cold drying is therefore applied with ambient temperature of 4/28/12

Processing : Grading

After drying kinnows are grade according to size quality and for packing

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Processing: Packing & Storing Hand packing is

Existing Capacity of Kinnow Processing & Major Payers in Pakistan

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Cost Of Project: Raw Material

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Cost Of Project: Cold Storage facility/rental charges

Cold Treatment is the part of kinnow processing. In context of WTO regime, the exporters/processors have to comply with the sanitary or phyto-sanitary standards for fruit export. However at least 72 hrs. is mandatory or recommended under the temperature of 2d to 4d to increase the shelf life of kinnow or to sustain the quality of kinnow for a stipulated period. All the exporters do not have the cold storage facility in their premises so they need to avail the rental facility for cold treatment. Rent for cold storage is PRs. 2 per kg.

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Cost Of Project: Man Power requirement

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Cost Of Project: Machinery & Equipment

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Cost Of Project: Land & building

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Cost Of Project: Infrastructure requirement

Electricity (3 Phase) Water connection Telephone facility Access roads Drainage

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Cost Of Project: Total

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Forecasts for the Production of Kinnow

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Pakistan Exports

During the last five years, the kinnow exports to Russia and Ukraine have increased from almost zero to an over 100,000 tons, almost 30 percent of the total exports of the fruit, Pakistan's world Kinnow market share is 1.46 percent The government has set a target of exporting 300,000 tons of kinnow during year 2010-11 as against the export, of around 250,000 tons registered during last year. Pakistan achieved highest ever monthly export figure of $2.127 billion in December 2010,

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Pakistan Exports

Iran, Russia, Ukraine, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Eastern Europe are the largest export markets for Pakistani Kinnow. The total exports of Kinnow in terms of volume were estimated at 214,765 tons while in terms of value the total export had fetched 52.92m (US$) in 20007-8(TDAP)

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Pakistan Exports(cont)

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Kinnow export (tons) diversificat ion by destinatio ns from Pakistan

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List of top 25 Importers in 2008

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Iran allows duty waiver on Pak Kinnow import

Iran, which had been charging a nagging 90 percent customs duty on import of Pakistani kinnow, has totally waived the duty from January 4, 2011, allowing duty-free import of the fruit from Pakistan into Iran. Pakistan exported 360,000 tons of kinnow in 200910, of which about 44,000 tons was the share of Iran only. The impact of the waiver would take Iran's kinnow imports to 130,000 tons and finally the figure of kinnow exports from Pakistan may touch 400,000 tons.

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Harvest Issues of Kinnow Industry

According to the report of Pakistan National Commission on Agriculture, defects and inadequate facilities in postharvest handling transport storage and marketing cause up to 30-40 percent loss of fruit and vegetables. This is true for Kinnow as well and the value of this loss amounts to millions of rupees annually. Following are the prominent causes of Pre & Post-Harvest loss of Kinnow in Pakistan. Poor Farm Management Improper harvesting
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Absence of anti-fungal treatment

Constraints of production

Absence of training institutions. Absence of disease treatment. Poor farm management practices (improper planting, pruning, fertilization, irrigation, spraying etc.) Absence of proper roads and refrigerated transportation Lack of cold storage and transportation facilities, Poor hygienic conditions of fruit markets. Lack of investment & research.
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Weak linkages among growers, processors &

Recommendations

Defining grades and standard keeping in view the national and international requirements should be used to regulate the domestic marketing of horticultural crops including citrus. The export promotion bureau is suggested to provide all export marketing related information to the exporters in the study area. Pakistan must try to explore and compete in international markets interested in buying high quality food possessing certification for being healthy.
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Appropriate incentives should be extended by the

Recommendations(cont)

It is also important to institutionalize early warning and surveillance systems for pest and diseases, contaminants on fruits and vegetables, which can affect Pakistans trade as well as domestic consumers and producers.

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References

SMEDA - Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority www.smeda.org/

TDAP - Trade Development Authority Of Pakistan www.tdap.gov.pk/

Pakistan Horticulture Development & Export Board, Lahore-Karachi (www.phdeb.org.pk/)