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String Matching Algorithm

The document discusses string matching algorithms. It introduces the KMP algorithm and Robin Karp algorithm. For KMP, it explains how the prefix table is used to avoid unnecessary comparisons. For Robin Karp, it describes how it assigns numerical values to characters and uses hashing to quickly determine if the pattern may be present in the text. Examples are provided to demonstrate how both algorithms work.

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aumkadam2003
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
40 views

String Matching Algorithm

The document discusses string matching algorithms. It introduces the KMP algorithm and Robin Karp algorithm. For KMP, it explains how the prefix table is used to avoid unnecessary comparisons. For Robin Karp, it describes how it assigns numerical values to characters and uses hashing to quickly determine if the pattern may be present in the text. Examples are provided to demonstrate how both algorithms work.

Uploaded by

aumkadam2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Agenda

• Introduction
• Functioning
• Example
• Exercise

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 1


E, VIT
KMP Algorithm

• The idea behind the KMP algorithm is


that if there is any prefix same as suffix
and it will use the pattern to avoid the
unnecessary comparison.
• To complete the process ∏-table is used
which is also known longest prefix suffix.

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 2


E, VIT
KMP Algorithm

• Given a pattern P[1..m], the prefix


function for the pattern P is the function
∏: {1,2,..,m}->{0,1,…,m-1}
such that
∏[q]=max{k:k<q} and Pk is suffix of Pq
That means ∏[q] is the length of the longest
prefix of P and is a proper suffix

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 3


E, VIT
Practice on preparing the ∏ Table

• ababd
• aabaaab
• abcdabd

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 4


E, VIT
Practice on KMP

• Given Text T:
abacbababababaacbacaababababaabababa
bababacac.
• Given Pattern P: abababa

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 5


E, VIT
Practice on KMP

• Given Text T: ABC ABCDAB


ABCDABCDABDE
• Given Pattern P: ABCDABD

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 6


E, VIT
Algorithm

Compute_Prefix(P)
1- m=P.length
2- Let ∏[1..m] be an array
3- ∏[1]=0
4- k=0
5- for q=2 to m
6- while k>0 and P[k+1]!=P[q]
7- k=∏[k]
8- if P[k+1]==P[q]
9- k=k+1
10- ∏[q]=k
11- return ∏
Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 7
E, VIT
Algorithm
KMP_Matcher(T,P)
1- m=P.length
2- n=T.length
3- ∏=compute_prefix(P)
4- q=0
2- for i=1 to n
6- while q>0 and P[q+1]!=T[i]
7- q=∏[q]
8- if P[q+1]==T[i]
9- q=q+1
10- if q==m
11- print “pattern occurs with shift” i-m
12- q=∏[q]
Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 8
E, VIT
Base for Robin Karp Algorithm

Text: aaaaab

Pattern: a a b

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 9


E, VIT
Example problem of Robin Karp Algorithm

• Text T: c c a c c a d b a

• Pattern P: d b a

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 10


E, VIT
Example problem of Robin Karp Algorithm

• Text T: a b c c d d a e f g

• Pattern P: c d d

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 11


E, VIT
Robin Karp Algorithm
RABIN-KARP-MATCHER(T; P; d; q)
1- n = T.length
2- m = P.length
3- h = d^(m-1) %q
4- p = 0
5- t0 = 0
6- for i = 1 to m // preprocessing
7- p = (dp + P[i]) mod q
8- t0 = (dt0 + T[i]) mod q
9- for s = 0 to n-m // matching
10- if p == ts
11- if P [1..m] == T[s+1…s+m]
12- print “Pattern occurs with shift” s
13- if s<n-m
14- ts+1=(d(ts-T[s+1]h)+T[s+m+1]) mod q
15- if ts+1<0 then ts+1=ts+1 +q
Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 12
E, VIT
Example problem of Robin Karp Algorithm

• T: A B D C B
• P: D C

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 13


E, VIT
Variation in Robin Karp Example

T = 31415926535

P = 26

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 14


E, VIT
Variation in Robin Karp Example

T=2359023141526739921

P=31415

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 15


E, VIT
Working of Robin Karp Algorithm

• Sequence of characters is taken and check


for the possibility of the presence of the
pattern P in text T.
• If there is possibility to find the string then
only character will be checked.
– Assign a numerical value to the characters in
the text and pattern.
– It calculate the hash value for the Pattern of
length m
Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 16
E, VIT
Working of Robin Karp Algorithm

– Calculate the hash value for the pattern p


– Calculate the hash value for the text T of
window size m.
– Compare the hash value of the pattern with
the hash value of the text. If the value matches
then character matching is performed.
– Calculate the hash value of the next window
by subtracting the first term and adding the
next term.

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 17


E, VIT
Assumption of Robin Karp Algorithm

• It is making use of elementary number-


theoretic notions
• Assume that ∑ ={0,1,2,..,9}, so that each
character is a decimal digit.
• A pattern P[1..m], let p denote its
corresponding decimal value

Dr. Pavithra, Assistant Professor, SCOP 18


E, VIT

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