Learners with
Exceptionaliti
es
Module 6
Disability
It is a measurable impairment or limitation that
interferes with a person’s ability. For example, to
walk, lift, hear, or learn. It may refer to a
physical, sensory, or mental condition.
IDEA
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
IDEA is the law that provides comprehensive
service and support for exceptional learners.
Our very own 1987 constitution, article XIV,
Sec. 2, used the word “disabled” in paragraph
5
Handicap
The word handicap does not have the same
meaning as disability. A handicap is a
disadvantage that occurs as a result of a
disability or impairment.
Categories of
Exceptionaliti
es
Specific Cognitive or Academic Difficulties
LEARNING
DISABILITIES
Learning disabilities involve difficulties in specific cognitive
1
processes like perception, language, memory or
metacognition that are not due to other disabilities like
2
mental retardation, emotional or behavioral disorder, or
sensory impairments
ATTENTION-DEFICIT
HYPERACTIVITY
ADHD is manifestedDISORDER
in either or both of these:
1 Difficulty in focusing and maintaining attention
2 Recurrent hyperactive and impulsive disorder
Speech and Communication
Disorder
This is1 the difficulty in spoken language including voice
disorders, inability to produce the sound correctly, stuttering,
difficulty in spoken language comprehension that
2
significantly hamper classroom performance
Categories of
Exceptionaliti
es
Social/Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties
AUTISM
Autism is a condition manifested by different levels of
impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive
behaviors, and limited interests. Individuals with autism
usually have an intense need for routine and a predictable
environment.
MENTAL
Mental RETARDATION
retardation refers to significant sub-average
intelligence and deficits in adaptive behavior. There is
difficulty in managing activities of daily living and in
conducting themselves appropriately in social situations.
EMOTIONAL/CONDUCT
DISORDER
This involves the presence of emotional states like
depression and aggression over a considerable amount of
time that notably disturb learning and performance in
school.
Physical
Disabilities and
Health
Impairment
PHYSICAL & HEALTH
IMPAIRMENT
This involves physical or medical conditions (usually long-term) including one or more
of these:
1 limited energy and strength
2 reduced mental alertness
3 little muscle control
SEVERE & MULTIPLE
DISABILITIES
This refers to the presence of two or more different types of
disability, at times at a profound level. The combination of
disabilities makes it necessary to make specific adaptations
and have more specialized educational programs.
Sensory
Impairment
VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
These are conditions when there is malfunction of the eyes
or optic nerves that prevent normal vision even with
corrective lenses.
HEARING IMPAIRMENT
These involve malfunction of the ear or auditory nerves that
hinders the perception of sounds within the frequency range
of normal speech.
GIFTEDNESS
This involves a significantly high level of cognitive
development. There is unusually high ability or aptitude in
one or more of these aspects: intellectual ability, aptitude in
academic subjects, creativity, visual or performing arts or
leadership.
People first
language?
What is people-first language?
Just as the term would imply, this language trend involves putting the person
first, not the disability(e.g., a person with a disability, not a disabled person).
Thus, people-first language tells us what conditions people have, not what
they are(Schiefel busch Institute, 1996). This is similar to saying “person with
AIDS, rather than “AIDS victim”. Other suggestions for referring to those
disabilities include:
Avoiding generic level
Emphasizing abilities, not limitations
Avoid euphemisms
Avoid implying illness or suffering
LEADER
Trexie Hannah B. Sagadal
MEMBERS
Ailyn M. Ando
Jen Jen M. Bereno
Katleen Gedraga
Richmond S. Batchar
Mayian Atchaso
