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Lecture 3 Solid Mechanics

This document discusses key concepts in solid mechanics including: 1) It reviews types of stress, volumetric strain, bulk modulus, Young's modulus, and Hooke's law. 2) It then presents 7 problems calculating things like the Young's modulus of a brass rod, the internal diameter of a hollow steel column, and the shortening of a steel rod under an axial load. 3) It also discusses longitudinal strain when a body is subjected to an axial load, lateral strain perpendicular to the load, and Poisson's ratio relating the two strains.

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Vijayaraghavan G
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83 views24 pages

Lecture 3 Solid Mechanics

This document discusses key concepts in solid mechanics including: 1) It reviews types of stress, volumetric strain, bulk modulus, Young's modulus, and Hooke's law. 2) It then presents 7 problems calculating things like the Young's modulus of a brass rod, the internal diameter of a hollow steel column, and the shortening of a steel rod under an axial load. 3) It also discusses longitudinal strain when a body is subjected to an axial load, lateral strain perpendicular to the load, and Poisson's ratio relating the two strains.

Uploaded by

Vijayaraghavan G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOLID MECHANICS

LECTURE 3
RECAP
• Types of stress
• Volumetric strain
• Bulk modulus
• Young's modulus
• Property of materials
• Hooke's law
• Factor of safety
• Deformation of a Body due to Force acting on it
• Problems
Problem 3
Find the Young's modulus of brass rod of
diameter 25mm and of length 250mm which is
subjected to an tensile load of 50KN. When the
extension of the rod is 0.3mm.
Given : Diameter, d= 25mm
Length, L= 250 mm
Load, P = 50KN = 50 x 103N
= 0.3 mm
16/12/2023 3
Solution :
Stress, σ = = = 101.91

Strain, ϵ = = = 1.2 x 10-3

Young's modulus of brass rod = E =


= = 84925

16/12/2023 4
Problem 4
• The safe stress for a hollow steel column
which carries an axial load of 2.1x 10 3KN is
125 MN/m2. If the external diameter of the
column is 30cm, determine the internal
diameter.
Note : Safe stress is stress which is within the
elastic limit.

16/12/2023 5
Given : Safe stress σ = 125 MN/m2.
= 125 x 106 N/m2.
Axial Load, P = 2.1x 103KN = 2.1x 106 N .
External diameter = D = 30 cm = 0.3 m.
Solution : Let d is the internal diameter,
Area of hollow Cylinder,
A= – d2] = – d2]

16/12/2023 6
Stress, σ =
125 x 106 = 2.1x 106 / – d2]
On solving the above equation d = 26.19cm

RESULT :
The internal diameter of the hollow steel column
d = 26.19cm

16/12/2023 7
Problem 5

A square steel rod 20mm x 20mm is section is to


carry an axial load (compressive) of 100KN.
Calculate the shortening in a length of 50mm. E
= 2.14 x 108 KN/m2.

Given: Dimension : 20 mm x 20mm


Area = 0.02 x 0.02 = 0.0004 m2.
Length = L= 50mm or 0.05m
Load = P = 100KN, E = 2.14 x 108 KN/m2.
To Calculate : Shortening of the rod

Solution :
Stress, σ = = = 250000KN/m2.
Also, E =
or =
But WKT Strain =

So = : = x L
= x 0.05

= 0.0000584m or 0.0584mm.
RESULT:
Hence,
the shortening of the rod, = 0.0584mm.
PROBLEM 6
• A hollow cast iron cylinder 4m long, 300mm
outer diameter, and thickness of metal 50mm,
is subjected to a central load on the top when
standing straight. The stress produced is 75000
KN/m2. Assume Young's modulus for cast iron
as 1.5 x 108 KN/m2 and
Find (i)Magnitude of the load.
(ii) Longitudinal strain produced, and
(iii) total decrease in length.
GIVEN: Outer diameter D = 300 mm = 0.3 m
Thickness, t = 50 mm = 0.05m
Length, L = 4m
Stress produced, σ = 75000 KN/m2
E = 1.5 x 108 KN/m2
Inner diameter of the cylinder, d= D-2t = 0.3 – 2 x 0.05 = 0.2m

SOLUTION :
(i) Magnitude of the load P: Stress, σ = or P = σ x A
= 75000 x – d2] = 75000 x – 0.22] = 2945.2 KN
(ii) Longitudinal strain produced, e:
= = = 0.0005.
(iii) Total decrease in length ,
Strain, ϵ = =
0.0005 =
= 0.0005 x 4 m = 0.002m = 2mm
Hence, decrease in length = 2mm
Problem 7
The ultimate stress for a hollow steel column
which carries an axial load of 1.9 MN is 480
N/mm2. If the external diameter of the column is
200mm, determine the internal diameter. Take
the factor of safety as 4.
Given : Ultimate stress = 480 N/mm2.
Axial load P = 1.9 MN = 1.9 x 106N
External diameter, D = 200mm
Factor of safety = 4
Solution :
Let ‘d’ be the internal diameter in mm
Area of Cross section of the column,
A= – d2] = – d2] mm2
WKT, Factor of Safety =
So, 4 =

Or Working stress = 480/4 = 120 N/mm 2 (σ)


Stress, σ = = 120 =
d2 = 19840.4
d = 140.85 mm

RESULT :
The internal diameter d = 140.85 mm
Longitudinal Strain
• When a body is subjected to an axial or compressive
load, there is an axial deformation in the length of the
body.
• The ratio of axial deformation to the original length
of the body is known as “Longitudinal or Linear
Strain”.
Let L= Length of the body,
P= Tensile force acting on the body
ΔL = Increase in length of the body in the direction of P
Longitudinal Strain =
Lateral Strain

• The strain at right angles to the direction of


applied load is known as lateral strain, Let
rectangular bar of length L, breadth b is
subjected to an axial load P.
The length of the bar will increase while the
breadth and depth will decrease.
Let ΔL = increase in length
Δb = decrease in breadth
Δd = decrease in depth

Then Longitudinal Strain =

and Lateral strain = or


Note:
(i) If longitudinal strain is tensile, the lateral
strains will be compressive.
(ii) If lateral strain is tensile, the longitudinal
strain will be compressive.
(iii) Hence every longitudinal strain in the
direction of load is accompanied by lateral
strain of the opposite kind in all directions
perpendicular to the load.
POISSON’S RATIO
The ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal
strain is a constant for a given material
when the material is stressed within the
elastic limit.
Poisson's ratio = μ = =

=μx
As lateral strain is opposite in sign to longitudinal strain,
hence algebraically the lateral strain is written as
= -μx

The value of Poisson's ratio varies from


0.25 to 0.33.
For rubber its value ranges from 0.45 to 0.5
THANK YOU !

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