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Lecture 4 Solid Mechanics

The document discusses solid mechanics and properties related to elastic deformation of materials. It recaps concepts like Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. It then presents the relationships between modulus of elasticity (E), modulus of rigidity (G), and bulk modulus (K) in terms of Poisson's ratio. Several sample problems are worked through step-by-step to calculate longitudinal strain, lateral strain, changes in dimensions of a bar under axial load, and volumetric strain. The final problem determines Poisson's ratio and elastic constants for a bar in tension testing.

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Vijayaraghavan G
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59 views20 pages

Lecture 4 Solid Mechanics

The document discusses solid mechanics and properties related to elastic deformation of materials. It recaps concepts like Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. It then presents the relationships between modulus of elasticity (E), modulus of rigidity (G), and bulk modulus (K) in terms of Poisson's ratio. Several sample problems are worked through step-by-step to calculate longitudinal strain, lateral strain, changes in dimensions of a bar under axial load, and volumetric strain. The final problem determines Poisson's ratio and elastic constants for a bar in tension testing.

Uploaded by

Vijayaraghavan G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 20

SOLID MECHANICS

LECTURE 4

16/12/2023 1
RECAP
– PROBLEMS ON YOUNGS MODULUS
– POISSONS RATIO
– LONGITUDINAL STRAIN
– LATERAL STRAIN
– PROBLEMS ON SAFE STRESS

16/12/2023 2
Relation ship B/W
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, E and MODULUS OF RIGIDITY, G

E = 2G [1+ ] = 2G [1+μ]

Where , E = Young’s modulus


G or C or N = Modulus of Rigidity,
or μ = Poisson’s ratio

16/12/2023 3
Relation ship B/W
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, E and BULK MODULUS, K

E = 3K [1- ] = 3K [1-2μ]

Where , E = Young’s modulus


K = Bulk Modulus,
or μ = Poisson’s ratio

16/12/2023 4
PROBLEM 8

Determine the changes in length, breadth and


thickness of a steel bar which is 4m long, 30mm
wide and 20mm thick and is subjected to an
axial pull of 30KN in the direction of its length,
Take E = 2x105 N/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio is 0.3.

16/12/2023 5
Given :
Length of the bar = L = 4m = 4000mm
Breadth of the bar = b = 30mm
Thickness of the bar = t = 20mm
Area of Cross section(A)=bxt= 30x20 = 600m 2.
Load P = 30KN=3000N
E = 2x105 N/mm2
Poisson’s ratio (μ)is 0.3

16/12/2023 6
Solution :
Now strain in the direction of load (or
Longitudinal Strain) = = =
= = 0.00025
But WKT, Longitudinal Strain = = 0.00025

Therefore : = L x 0.00025 = 0.00025x 4000


= 1.0mm

16/12/2023 7
Poisson's ratio = μ = =
0.3 = ;
Lateral strain = 0.000075
But WKT,
Lateral strain = or or
Or = Lateral strain x b = 0.000075 x 30
= 0.00225mm
Similarly,
= Lateral strain x t = 0.00075 x 20
= 0.0015mm
16/12/2023 8
RESULT :
Change in length = = 1.0mm
Change in breadth = = 0.00225mm
Change in thickness = = 0.0015mm

Note: Relation b/w Volumetric Strain and Poisson’s


ratio
Volumetric strain = [1-2μ]

16/12/2023 9
Problem 8 – Volumetric strain and Final
Volume
Length of the bar = L = 4m = 4000mm
Breadth of the bar = b = 30mm
Thickness of the bar = t = 20mm
Poisson’s ratio = 0.3
Original volume = Lxbxt = 4000x30x20
= 2400000 mm3.
Longitudinal Strain = = 0.00025
WKT Volumetric strain = [1-2μ]
= 0.00025 [1- 2x0.3] = 0.0001

16/12/2023 10
Volumetric strain =
Or = Volumetric strain x V
= 0.0001 x 2400000 = 240mm3.

Final Volume = Original Volume +


= 2400000 + 240 = 2400240 mm3.

RESULT :
Volumetric strain = 0.0001
Final Volume = 2400240 mm3.

16/12/2023 11
Problem 9
A steel bar 300mm long, 50mm wide and 40mm
thick is subjected to a pull of 300KN in the direction
of its length. Determine the change in volume. Take
E = 2 x 105 N/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio 0.25.

GIVEN : Length, L = 300 mm


Breadth = b= 50mm
Thickness = t= 40mm
Load = P = 300 KN = 300 x 103N
E = 2 x 105 N/mm2
16/12/2023
Poisson’s ratio 0.25. 12
Original Volume, V= Lxbxt= 300x50x40
= 600000 mm3
The longitudinal strain is given by,
=

=
= = 150 N/mm2
Therefore : = = 0.00075

16/12/2023 13
Volumetric Strain is given by eqn,
Volumetric strain = [1-2μ]
= 0.00075(1- 2 x 0.25) = 0.000375
ϵv = or = V x ϵv
= 600000 x 0.000375
= 225 m3.
RESULT:
Change in volume = 225 m3.

16/12/2023 14
PROBLEM 10
A bar of 20mm diameter is tested in tension. It
is observed that when a load of 40 KN is
applied, the extension measured over a gauge
length of 200mm is 0.12mm and contraction in
diameter is 0.0036mm. Find Poisson’s ratio and
Elastic constants E,G and K.

16/12/2023 15
GIVEN: Diameter , d = 20mm
Load,P = 40 KN = 40 x 103N
Length , L = 200mm
Change in length , ΔL = 0.12mm
Change in diameter, Δd = 0.0036 mm.
To find : Poisson’s ratio (1/m)
Young’s modulus, E
Modulus of Rigidity,G
Bulk Modulus,K

16/12/2023 16
Solution :
WKT
Poisson's ratio = μ = =
=
= or or
= = 1.8 x 10-4

16/12/2023 17
= 10-4
Poisson's ratio = = = 0.3
Young’s modulus ,E = = = 2.1 x 105
N/mm2
WKT Young’s modulus E = 2G [1+ ]
2.1 x 105= 2G [1+0.3 ]  G = 80,769N/mm2

16/12/2023 18
WKT , E = 3K [1- ]
2.1 x 105 = 3K [1 – 2 (0.3)]
 2.1 x 105 = 1.2 K
Or Bulk modulus = K = 1.75 x 105 N/mm2

RESULT
Poisson’s ratio (1/m) = 0.3
Young’s modulus, E = 2.1 x 105
Modulus of Rigidity,G = 80,769N/mm2
Bulk Modulus,K = 1.75 x 105 N/mm2

16/12/2023 19
THANK YOU !

16/12/2023 20

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