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    Subject Raising

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    Jasmine Cooper
    Subject raising involves moving the subject of a that-clause to become the subject of the main clause, followed by an infinitive verb. It makes sentences sound more natural in everyday speech. Subject raising can be used with seeming verbs like "seem", "appear", and "happen" as well as adjectives of probability. Different types of infinitives - continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous - are used to refer to actions and events in different tenses.

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    Subject Raising

    Uploaded by

    Jasmine Cooper
    528 views6 pages
    Subject raising involves moving the subject of a that-clause to become the subject of the main clause, followed by an infinitive verb. It makes sentences sound more natural in everyday speech. Subject raising can be used with seeming verbs like "seem", "appear", and "happen" as well as adjectives of probability. Different types of infinitives - continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous - are used to refer to actions and events in different tenses.

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    Subject raising involves moving the subject of a that-clause to become the subject of the main clause, followed by an infinitive verb. It makes sentences sound more natural in everyday speech. Subject raising can be used with seeming verbs like "seem", "appear", and "happen" as well as adjectives of probability. Different types of infinitives - continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous - are used to refer to actions and events in different tenses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    528 views6 pages

    Subject Raising

    Uploaded by

    Jasmine Cooper
    Subject raising involves moving the subject of a that-clause to become the subject of the main clause, followed by an infinitive verb. It makes sentences sound more natural in everyday speech. Subject raising can be used with seeming verbs like "seem", "appear", and "happen" as well as adjectives of probability. Different types of infinitives - continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous - are used to refer to actions and events in different tenses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Subject

    raising
    A D VA N C E D
    GRAMMAR
    What is it?
    • It involves moving the subject of a that- clause ‘up’ to become the
    subject of the main clause, which is followed by a to- infinitive.
    • It seems that you are unhappy ->
    • You seem to be unhappy
    • In general, the version with subject raising is more natural in everyday
    speech. There are two ways of making negative sentences:
    • She seems not to have noticed.
    General structure:
    • She doesn’t seem to have noticed. Object + raising verb/adjective + inf. verb +
    complement
    e.g.
    My neighbour seems to be moving out.
    When do we use it?
    • We can use subject raising with verbs like: seem, appear, turn out and happen:
    • It appears that they are late ->
    • They appear to be late.

    • With some adjectives for probability: It is likely that she knows ->
    • She’s likely to know.

    • With some passive reporting verbs like: understood, thought, said, presumed,
    assumed etc.
    • It is said that she is furious ->
    • She’s said to be furious.
    Continuous infinitive
    Use a continuous infinitive (to be doing) to refer to actions in progress at a particular time:

    • It seems (now) that he’s lying (now). ->


    • He seems to be lying.
    • It seemed (yesterday) that he was lying (at the time). ->
    • He seemed to be lying.

    General structure:
    Object + raising verb/adjective + inf. verb + continuous verb
    e.g.
    My neighbour seems to be moving out.
    Perfect infinitive
    Use a perfect infinitive (to have done) to refer to earlier states and complete events:
    • It seems (now) that he cheated (earlier). ->
    • He seems to have cheated.
    • It seemed (yesterday) that he had cheated (earlier). ->
    • He seemed to have cheated.

    General structure:
    Object + raising verb/adjective + inf. perfect + past participle
    e.g.
    My neighbour seems to have moved out.
    Perfect continuous infinitive
    • Use a perfect continuous infinitive (to have been doing) to refer to earlier actions in progress:
    • It seems (now) that he was lying (yesterday). ->
    • He seems to have been lying.
    • It seemed (yesterday) that he had been lying (earlier). ->
    • He seemed to have been lying.

    General structure:
    Object + raising verb/adjective + inf. perfect continuous + continuous
    verb
    e.g.
    My neighbour seems to have been moving.

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