Guessing game:

“What is a vibration produced by a vibrating body”. You may decode the

term by dialing the numbers 76863, in the keypad below.
C ABC DEF
2 3
GHI JKL MNO
4 5 6
PQRS TUV WXYZ
7 8 9

0
• Investigate the effect of temperature to the
speed of sound
1.Define Sound
2. Infer that sound consists of vibrations that
travel through the air.
 Sound Consider a vibrating guitar string
, A special kind of longitudinal wave

Piece of string undergoes

harmonic motion
String Vibrates Air molecules alternatively
compressed and rarefied
 Sound
Producing a Sound Wave
• Sound waves are longitudinal waves traveling
through a medium
• A tuning fork can be used as an example of
producing a sound wave
 Using
• A tuning forkawill
Tuning Fork ato Produce a
produce
Sound Wave
pure musical note
• As the tines vibrate, they
disturb the air near them
 Using a Tuning Fork, cont.
• As the tine moves toward
the left, the air molecules to
the right of the tine spread
out
• This produces an area of low
density
• This area is called a
rarefaction
• SoundWhat IS tiny
is really Sound?
fluctuations of air pressure
• Carried through air at ~343 m/s as compressions
and rarefactions in air pressure

wavelength
compressed gas

rarefied gas
Properties of Waves  or T

pressure

• Wavelength () is measured from crest-to-crest

• For traveling waves (sound, light, water), there is a speed (c)
• Frequency (f) refers to how many cycles pass by per second
• measured in Hertz, or Hz: cycles per second
• These three are closely related:
f = v
 Characteristics of Sound Waves
• Pitch refers to whether the sound is a high or low note
(pitch -> frequency)
• Audible waves
• Lay within the normal range of hearing of the human ear
• Normally between 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
• Infrasonic waves
• Frequencies are below the audible range
• Earthquakes are an example
• Ultrasonic waves
• Frequencies are above the audible range
Longitudinal vs. Transverse Waves
• Sound is a longitudinal wave, meaning that the motion of
particles is along the direction of propagation
• Transverse waves—water waves, light—have things moving
perpendicular to the direction of propagation
 Sound Travels
• Sound travels in waves.
• Sound must travel through matter to be heard.
• Remember: Matter can be a solid, a liquid, or a
gas.
• A sound is made when things vibrate.
• Sound travels by sending vibrations through
matter.
Media that Transmit Sound
A. Most sounds you hear are transmitted through air
B. Solids and liquids are generally good conductors of
sound
1. In general sound transmitted faster in liquids
than gases
2. Faster still in solids
Sound cannot travel in a vacuum
1. Transmission of sound requires a medium
2. There may be a vibration, but without medium, no
sound
 Medium sound speed (m/s)
Example Sound
air (0C)
Speeds 331
air (20C) 343
water 1497
gold 3240
brick 3650
wood 3800–4600
glass 5100
steel 5790
aluminum 6420
A sound wave is a
longitudinal wave which
travels in all directions
away from the source.
 Pitch
• Pitch is the highest or lowest sound an
object makes.
• Objects that vibrate slowly, make a low
pitch.
• Objects that vibrate quickly, make a higher
pitch.
Why it’s important:
•Human communication relies on cords vibrating in throats to
send waves through gas, liquids, and solids that end up as
electrical impulses in listeners’ brains.
Activity (By Group)
• SING ALONG
Rubrics:
a. Diction and Timbre (Voice Quality)- 20%
b. Pitch (In- tune)- 20%
c. Audience Impact- 10%
TOTAL: 50
Objectives
• Investigates the effect of temperature to the speed of
sound
1. Determine how temperature affects the speed of
sound.
2. Calculate changes in speed of sound in different
medium.
Picture Analysis: Look closely the picture, any similarities and differences that
you can give about the picture?
Speed of sound
• Speed of sound refers to a speed at which sound
waves propagate through different materials
• Can sounds travel through solid, liquid and gas?
Answer: YES
Speed of sound
Speed of sound
• Why do sound waves travel faster in solids than in
liquids, and faster in liquids than in gases?
 In solids, the molecules are closer to each other and the
bonds are tighter. It is easier for sound waves to go through
solids than through liquids. Liquids are denser than gases,
but less dense than solids, so that sound travels faster in
liquids than in gases. Gases are the slowest because they are
least dense. The molecules in gases are very far apart, as
compared with solids and liquids.
Speed of sound
• What about temperature? Can the temperature of
the medium affect how sound moves?
ANSWER: YES
 Speed of sound
• What about temperature? Can the temperature of the medium
affect how sound moves?
 The movement of particles varies at different temperatures.
When the temperature is low, the particles move slower than at
room temperature. However, when the temperature is high, the
particles move the fastest. This is due to more kinetic energy in
high temperature increasing the collisions of particles causing a
faster speed of sound.
Speed of Sound
Speed of sound in dry air at 0°C is about 330
m/s (or about 1200 kilometers per hour)
1. Water vapor in air increases speed slightly
2. Increased temperature increases speed (For each degree
increase in air temperature, the speed increases by 0.6 m/s)
3. Speed at room temperature of about 20°C is 340 m/s
 Effect of temperature to the speed of
sound
• In equation,
v = 331 𝑚 𝑠 + 0.6 𝑚/𝑠 𝐶 (T) is a
constant factor of temperature.
where T is the temperature of air in degree Celsius
and 0.6 𝑚/𝑠 𝐶 is a constant factor of temperature
and v refers to the speed of sound.
Sample problems
What is the speed of sound in air at 250 C temperature?

Given: T = 250 C
Equation: v = 331 𝑚 /𝑠+ 0.6 𝑚/𝑠 𝐶 ( T )

Solution:
v = 331 𝑚 /𝑠 + 0.6 𝑚/𝑠 𝐶 ( 25 ) 0 C
v = 331 𝑚/ 𝑠 + 15 𝑚 /𝑠
v = 346 𝑚 /𝑠
Sample problems
If the speed of sound in water at 00 C is 1484 m/s, calculate the
speed of sound if the temperature of the vibrating water is 28 0 C.
Given: speed of sound at 00 C ( V0) = 1484 m/s
T= 280 C)
Find: v=?
Equation: v = 1484 𝑚 /𝑠+ 0.6 𝑚/𝑠 𝐶 ( T )
Solution:
v= 1484 m/s + 0.6 𝑚/𝑠 𝐶 (280 C)
v= 1484 m/s + 16.8
v= 1500.8 m/s
Activity : Solve for the Speed of Sound
Evaluation
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. How would you relate the temperature of the medium with
the speed of sound?
A. The higher the temperature, the faster the sound travels.
B. The higher the temperature, the slower the sounds
travel.
C. The lower the temperature, the faster the sound travels.
D. The lower the temperature, the slower the sound travels.
2. What is the speed of the sound in air with
250 C temperature?
A. 336m/s
B. 325m/s
C. 346m/s
D. 355m/s
3. Calculate the speed of sound if the
temperature of the vibrating water is 28°C?
A. 346m/s
B. 347.8m/s
C. 350m/s
D. 1500.8 m/s
4. In which of the following will the movement
of particles be the fastest?
A. 30°C of water
B. 50°C of water
C. 70°C of water
D. 90°C of water
5. Which of the following quantities tells how
hot or cold an object is with respect to
some standard?
A. Density
B. Mass
C. Pressure
D. Temperature