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Lecture 02

This document discusses computer graphics and cathode ray tube (CRT) technology. It provides details on how a CRT works, including the electron gun, control electrode, focusing electrode, and deflection amplifier. It also describes raster scan vs vector scan display technologies and the process of scan conversion of pixels. The document notes that the next class will cover line drawing algorithms. It briefly introduces liquid crystal displays and plasma displays as newer display technologies.

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Harsh Dewangan
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29 views14 pages

Lecture 02

This document discusses computer graphics and cathode ray tube (CRT) technology. It provides details on how a CRT works, including the electron gun, control electrode, focusing electrode, and deflection amplifier. It also describes raster scan vs vector scan display technologies and the process of scan conversion of pixels. The document notes that the next class will cover line drawing algorithms. It briefly introduces liquid crystal displays and plasma displays as newer display technologies.

Uploaded by

Harsh Dewangan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER GRAPHICS

(BCSPC7010)
7th Semester CSE (R-17)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
GIET UNIVERSITY, GUNUPUR
REVISION : 01
• What is computer Graphics? How it is different
from Image Processing?
• Terminologies related to Computer Graphics like
Pixel, Resolution, Aspect ratio, Bitmap, Pixmap.
• Application of Computer Graphics.
Today
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT)
It used in video monitor. A cathode (-ve charge)
will be heated until the electron formation. It will
attracted the highly charged +ve anode which is
phosphor coating on the inside of face of CRT. It
flows continuously. The electrons simple flood in
the entire face of CRT with a bright glow.
However the electron is focused into a narrow
beam with an electron lance. At this point, the
focused electron beam produce a single bright
spot at the center of CRT and the electron beam
will deflected or positioned to the left to right of
the center.
CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT):
CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT)
Electron Gun: It is the combination of cathode
surrounded by the heater coil. When the heater will be
heat the gun will produce a cathode ray at end point of
the gun towards the CRT screen.
Control Electrode: Mainly it used to regulate the flow
of electrons. It connected to an amplifier which in turn
is connected to the output circuit of the CRT. The
allowing the circuit to control, when the electron beam
is turn OFF or ON.
Focusing Electrode: It used to create clear picture by
focusing the electron into a narrow beam. It serves his
purpose by extracting an electromagnetic force on the
electrons. The effects of this on the electron beam
resemble that of a glass lens on the light wave.
CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT)
Deflection Amplifier: It used to control the direction
of the beam. It creates a magnetic field which will
bend the electron bean as it passes through the field.
Phosphor Coated Screen: it is a coating on the
inside of the front surface of every CRT. It coated
with spatial crystal called Phosphor that will glow
when it will heat by high energy electron beam. The
glow given off by the phosphor during exposure to
the electron bean known as fluorescence, the
continuity glow given off after the beam is removed is
known as phosphorescence and duration of
phosphorescence is called as persistence.
Persistence is the time for which the phosphor in
the CRT emit light until the next electrons is fired.
RASTER SCAN
In the raster scan system, the
electron beam is swept across
the screen, one row at a time
from top to bottom, As the
electron beam moves across
each row, the beam intensity
is turns on and off to create a
pattern of illuminated spots.

Picture definition is stored in memory area called Refresh


Buffer or Frame Buffer. The memory area holds the set of
intensity values from the all the screen points. Stored
intensity values are then retrieved from the refresh buffer
and pointed on the screen one row (scan line) at a time.
Each screen point is referred to as a pixel or pel. At the end
of each scan line, the electron beam returns to the left side
of the screen to begin display the next scan line.
VECTOR SCAN (RANDOM SCAN)
The electron beam is directed
only to the part of the screen
where the picture is to be
drawn rather than scanning
from left to right and top to
bottom as in raster scan. It is
called Vector display, Stroke
– writing display or
calligraphic display.
Picture definition is stored as a set of line drawing
commands in an area of memory referred to as the
refresh display file.
Random scan displays are designed to draw all the
component lines of the picture 30 to 60 times
SCAN CONVERSION OF A PIXEL
Pixel is the smallest element of a picture. A
pixel or point is a geometric element that has
a position but no extension. A pixel is defined
by its coordinates.
Mathematically a point P in space has
coordinates X and Y represented by P(X,Y).
SCAN CONVERSION is a general term for
drawing method which create a digital raster
image according to the given picture
primitive.
Rasterization: It is the process to determine
which pixel provide the best approximation to
shape of the object.
Graphical Primitive function
Display graphical primitive like point(pixel), line
circle etc. [system monitor is ( +, +) quadrant.]
Left top position is (0, 0) where right bottom is ( X max, Y max)
#include<graphics.h>
Void main()
{ int gd=0,gm;
initgraph(&gd &gm,”c:\\tc\\bgi”);
putpixel(100, 200, 5); // putpixel(x, y, i)
}
Line(x1, y1, x2, y2);
REVISION : 02
• Cathode ray tube (CRT)
• Raster scan vs vector scan
• Scan conversion of a pixel
• Examples

NEXT CLASS
• Line Drawing Algorithm
Liquid Crystal Display
A LCD is a flat-panel display or other electronically
modulated optical device that uses the light-
modulating properties of liquid crystals combined
with polarizers. Liquid crystals do not emit light
directly, instead using a backlight or reflector to
produce images in color or monochrome.
Plasma Display
Plasma Display
A plasma display is a computer video display in which
each pixel on the screen is illuminated by a tiny bit of
plasma or charged gas, somewhat like a tiny neon
light. Plasma displays are thinner than cathode ray
tube ( CRT ) displays and brighter than liquid crystal
displays ( LCD ). Plasma displays are sometimes
marketed as "thin-panel" displays and can be used to
display either analog video signals or display
modes digital computer input..

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