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Qualitative Data Analysis

Qualitative data analysis involves examining and interpreting qualitative data to understand its meaning. It includes transcribing data verbatim, coding the data by identifying themes and topics, and developing overarching themes. The researcher engages in an iterative process of becoming familiar with the data through transcription and memoing, examining it in depth through coding, and drawing together codes into themes to present the findings coherently. Coding can be done by hand on transcripts or electronically to summarize or condense the data into meaningful concepts. Developing trustworthy themes depends on approaches like inductive analysis of the data or using a priori themes from existing theory.

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74 views27 pages

Qualitative Data Analysis

Qualitative data analysis involves examining and interpreting qualitative data to understand its meaning. It includes transcribing data verbatim, coding the data by identifying themes and topics, and developing overarching themes. The researcher engages in an iterative process of becoming familiar with the data through transcription and memoing, examining it in depth through coding, and drawing together codes into themes to present the findings coherently. Coding can be done by hand on transcripts or electronically to summarize or condense the data into meaningful concepts. Developing trustworthy themes depends on approaches like inductive analysis of the data or using a priori themes from existing theory.

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QUALITATIVE DATA

ANALYSIS
PRACTICAL RESEARCH I
Presented by: Ms. Liez C. Gonzales
Qualitative Data Analysis
is the process of examining and interpreting
qualitative data to understand what it represents.
Data analysis (what the data say) is an attempt by
the researcher to summarize the collected data
while data interpretation (what does it mean) is
an attempt of the researcher to find meaning.
How to Analyze?
a. What research questions
Depends on: drive your study

b. Research questions is linked


to methods chosen and types
of analysis you
apply
Data Analysis during Collection
Ask the following questions:

a. Why do participants act as they do?


b. What does this focus mean?
c. What else do I want to know?
d. What new ideas have emerged?
e. Is this new information
Data Analysis after Collection
Follow the iterative process:
a. Become familiar with the data through reading and memoing.
Memoing is the act of recording reflective notes about what the
researcher (fieldworker, data coder, and/or analyst) is learning from
the data. They are notes by the researcher to herself or himself about
some hypothesis regarding a category or property and especially
relationships between categories.
Data Analysis after Collection
Follow the iterative process:

b. Exam the data in depth to provide detailed descriptions


of the setting, participants and activities.
c. Categorizing and coding pieces of data and grouping them
into themes.
DATA ANALYSIS STRATEGIES

A. TRANSCRIBING B. THEMING
AND CHECKING
A. TRANSCRIBING AND CHECKING

Transcribing is a difficult process even for the most experienced transcribers,


but it must be done to convert the spoken word to the written word to
facilitate analysis. All audio recordings should be transcribed verbatim,
regardless of how intelligible the transcript may be when it is read back.
Lines of text should be numbered.
A. TRANSCRIBING AND CHECKING
Once the transcription is complete, the researcher should read it while
listening to the recording and do the following:
a. Correct any spelling or other errors
b. Anonymize the transcript so that the participant cannot be identified from
anything that is said (e.g. names, places, significant events)
A. TRANSCRIBING AND CHECKING
Once the transcription is complete, the researcher should read it while
listening to the recording and do the following:
c. Insert notations for pauses, laughter’s, looks of discomfort
d. Insert any punctuation, such as commas and full stops (periods) and
include any other contextual information that might have affected the
participant (e.g. temperature of the room and comfort of the room)
CODING
Coding refers to the identification of topics, issues,
similarities, and differences that are revealed through the
participant’s narratives and interpreted by the researcher.
Coding can be done by hand on a hard copy of the
transcript, by making notes in the margin or by highlighting
and naming sections in the text.
CODING
Coding is not a precise science; it’s primarily an interpretive act. There are
no rules, merely guidelines. Also be aware that a code sometimes
summarizes or condense the data, not simply reduce it. Coding can be done
through open coding by means of identifying the themes or elicit themes
from the data; axial coding by means of searching for the concepts from the
data; selective coding which can be done through the identification of key
concept.
EXAMPLES OF CODING:
EXAMPLES OF CODING:
EXAMPLES OF CODING:
EXAMPLES OF CODING:
EXAMPLES OF CODING:
B. THEMING
refers to the drawing together of codes from one or more transcripts o
present the findings of qualitative research in a coherent and meaningful
way.
APPROACHES TO THEME
DEVELOPMENT:

Apriori approach which means investigator’s prior


theoretical understanding of the phenomenon under
study
APPROACHES TO THEME
DEVELOPMENT:

Inductive approach which involves the identification


of themes based on data gathered.
EXAMPLES :
EXAMPLES :
CONFIDENCE AND TRUSTWORTHINESS
One of the questions that arises about qualitative research relates to the reliability of the interpretation and
representation of participants’ narratives. There are no statistical tests than can be used to check reliability and validity as
there are in quantitative research. However, according to Lincoln and Guba suggests that there are other ways to
“establish confidence in the truth of findings.

These criteria are the following:


a. credibility -confidence in the truth of the findings);
b. transferability -showing that findings have applicability in another
context;
c. dependability -showing that the findings are consistent and could
be repeated;
d. confirmability- the extent to which the findings of a study are shaped
by the respondents and not the researcher bias, motivation, or interest
DEEPEN:
Directions: Conduct an interview with your parents/guardian regarding the prescribed topic below. Any form of
language will be accepted provided you have to provide the translation of their answers. Use separate sheet to answer this
activity.
Do the following:
a. Audio-record their responses or
interview
b. Do the transcribe verbatim of the
audio recorded responses of your
participants
c. Include the transcription notation from
the transcribed verbatim. Observe the
guidelines in writing the transcribed
verbatim.
d. Give or identify the descriptive codes
and themes.
e. Complete the table below.
THANK
YOU

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