2.

2 Water cycle 水循環

A Processes of the water cycle
水循環的過程 Animation 動畫

water
liquid water cycle water vapour
水 ( 水循 水汽
環)

1
1 Evaporation蒸發
Evaporation

sun warms the surface of the water

sun
太陽 當太陽照射到水面時，水面變暖 rain
clouds

water particles near the water surface

water vapour
water vapour
水汽
move faster and faster
接近水面的水粒子運動愈來愈快
river
 escape from the water
河流
river surface to
form water vapour
sea
sea 使它們可以從水面逃逸，形成水汽 lake
海洋 湖泊
lake

2
21 Condensation
Evaporation 凝結

sun
sun
upper part of the sky is cooler
太陽 高空的温度較低
clouds
rain

cloud
雲

water vapour water vapour cools down and

water vapour
水汽
condenses to form small water droplets
水汽遇冷凝結成小水滴river
河流
river
 join together to form clouds
sea
sea 小水滴聚集起來，形成雲 lake
海洋 湖泊
lake

3
31 Transportation
Evaporation 運輸 clouds may be carried to
other places by wind
風或會把雲帶到其他地方
sun
sun rain
太陽
clouds

cloud
雲

water vapour
water vapour
水汽
river
河流
river

sea
sea lake
海洋 湖泊
lake

4
41 Precipitation
Evaporation降雨
forms when bigger and bigger
water droplets are formed
sun
水汽冷卻成小水滴
sun
太陽 rain
rain
clouds 雨

when water droplets

cloud are heavy
雲
enough, they fall as rain
雲裏的水滴積聚變重，最終降下成雨
water vapour
water vapour
水汽
river
河流
river

sea
sea lake
海洋 湖泊
lake

5
1 Evaporation

sun
sun rain
太陽 rain
clouds 雨
Can we simulate this process in
the laboratory?
cloud
雲
我們可以在實驗室模擬這個過程嗎？
water vapour
water vapour
水汽
river
河流
river

sea
sea lake
海洋 湖泊
lake

6
 2.2 Video 影片

How rain is formed

製造雨

Aim 目的
To simulate the formation of rain
模擬雨的形成

7
 2.2
1 Apply a thin layer of dish soap on the upper,
inner wall of a large beaker.
在大燒杯內壁的上半部分塗上一層薄薄的洗潔精。

dish
soap
洗潔精 large beaker
大燒杯

8
 2.2
1
prevent the formation of
mist on the inner wall
防止霧氣在燒杯內壁上形成

9
 2.2
2 Gently put some preheated pebbles into the large
beaker with a pair of tongs.
用鉗慢慢地把預先加熱了的鵝卵石放在大燒杯內。

hot pebbles
熱鵝卵石

10
 2.2
3 Add hot water to the large beaker until it just
covers the pebbles.
在大燒杯中加入熱水，直至蓋過鵝卵石。

several drops
of ink
coloured hot 數滴紅色墨水
water
染紅了的熱水

11
 2.2
4 Put a small beaker inside the large beaker to
collect the ‘rain’ formed.
把小燒杯放入大燒杯內，小燒杯用來收集「雨水」。

small beaker
小燒杯

12
 2.2
5 Put a bag of ice on a metal dish. Cover the large beaker
with the dish.
把一袋碎冰塊放在金屬碟上，然後用金屬碟蓋着大燒杯。
a bag of ice
一袋碎冰塊 metal dish
金屬碟

13
 2.2
6 Observe what happens inside the large beaker.
觀察大燒杯內有甚麼變化。

14
 2.2
6a What do you observe on the bottom of the metal
dish?
你在金屬碟底部觀察到甚麼？
Liquid droplets are formed on the bottom of
_______________
the metal dish. They join together and fall like
rain
____________.
金屬碟底部有 ________ 液體滴 形成，它們慢慢積聚起來，
雨
並像 _______ 般滴下。

15
 2.2
6b What colour is the ‘rain’?
小燒杯收集到的「雨水」是甚麼顏色的？

The ‘rain’ is colourless.

「雨水」是無色的。

16
 2.2
Discussion 討論
1 Which parts in the water cycle do the following
parts in the set-up represent?
下表列出的裝置部分代表水循環中哪個部分？

17
 2.2
Discussion 討論
1 Part in the Part in the water cycle it
set-up represents
裝置部分 代表水循環的部分
Water in the large Water in the sea, rivers, lakes (and
beaker on land)
大燒杯內的水 在海洋、河流、湖泊（和地上）的水

Preheated pebbles The land being heated up by the sun

預先加熱的鵝卵石 受太陽加熱的地面

Cold metal dish The upper part of the sky

冰冷的金屬碟 高空
18
 2.2
2 Explain how ‘rain’ is formed in the beaker.
解釋「雨」怎樣在大燒杯內形成。
evaporates to form water vapour.
Water ___________
The vapour rises upwards.
When the vapour meets the cold metal dish, it
condenses to become water.
cools down and ___________
When the drops of water are too heavy, they fall
as ‘rain’.
大燒杯內的水 ________ 蒸發 ，變成水汽。水汽上升，
接觸到金屬碟時被冷卻， ________ 凝結 成水滴。
水滴太重就滴下來，成為「雨」。
19
A Processes1.1
of the water cycle
水循環的過程

The water cycle involves the following processes:

水循環涉及以下四個過程：

evaporation 蒸發 condensation 凝
結

precipitation 降雨 transportation 運
輸

20
1 Boiling is not involved in the water cycle.
水循環不涉及沸騰的過程。

 
21
2 Clouds are made up of water vapour.
雲由水汽組成。

 
22
B Rate of evaporation
1.1 蒸發速率
When we hang wet clothes for drying:
當我們晾曬濕衣服時， Unfold the wet clothes
to make them dry
more quickly.
Why? 你要把濕衣服展開，
為什麼？ 衣服才會較快乾透。

23
B Rate of evaporation
1.1 蒸發速率

the surface area of water rate of evaporation of

exposed to air is larger water is higher
這是因為當水暴露在空氣 蒸發速率便愈高
中的表面面積愈大

24
B Rate of evaporation
1.1 蒸發速率
What other factors affect the rate of evaporation
of water?
除了暴露在空氣中的表面面積外，還有哪些因素
會影響水的蒸發速率？

25
 2.3 Video 影片

Factors affecting rate of evaporation

探究影響水的蒸發速率的因素

Aim 目的
To investigate the factors affecting the rate of
evaporation of water
探究影響水的蒸發速率的因素

26
 2.3
Part I Humidity (Teacher demonstration)
第一部分 空氣濕度（老師示範）

Setting a question 提出問題

humidity affect the rate of
How does ___________
evaporation of water?
濕度
_________ 怎樣影響水的蒸發速率？

27
 2.3
Identifying variables 分辨變量
Independent
variable Humidity
空氣濕度
自變量
Dependent
Mass of water evaporated
variable 蒸發了的水的質量
因變量
Controlled Air speed Amount of water added
variables 空氣流動的速 ☑ ☑
控制變量 率 加入水的分量

Humidity Exposed surface area to air

 ☑
空氣濕度 暴露在空氣中的表面面積
Temperature Type and size of filter paper
☑ ☑
温度 濾紙的種類和大小
28
 2.3
Carrying out the experiment 進行實驗
1 Put two pieces of filter paper on two Petri dishes.
Label the Petri dishes A and B.
把兩片濾紙分別放在兩個培養皿內，並把培養皿
標註為 A 和 B 。
filter paper
濾紙

A B
29
 2.3
2 Use a dropper to add three drops of water to each
piece of filter paper.
用滴管在每片濾紙上加三滴水。

Water
水

A B
30
 2.3
3 Measure the mass of each set-up with an electric
balance (M1).
用電子天平量度每個裝置的質量 (M1) 。

electronic
balance
電子天平

31
 2.3
4 Put set-up A, a moisture absorbing pack and
a hygrometer in an airtight container.
把裝置 A 、吸濕包和濕度計放入密封容器內。
airtight container
密封容器
hygrometer
濕度計

moisture
absorbing pack
吸濕包
A

32
 2.3
The moisture
absorbing pack
lowers the humidity
in the container.
吸濕包可降低容器
內的濕度。

moisture
absorbing pack
吸濕包 A

33
 2.3
4 Put set-up B and a hygrometer in another airtight
container.
把裝置 B 和濕度計放入另一個密封容器內。
airtight container
密封容器
hygrometer
濕度計

34
 2.3
5 Leave both containers for 30 minutes. Record the
humidity in each container.
把兩個容器再靜置 30 分鐘，記錄每個容器內的濕度。

A B

35
 2.3
5 Measure the mass of each set-up again (M 2).
再次量度每個裝置的質量 (M2) 。

Find the mass of water evaporated in each set-up

by calculating the difference in the mass of the set-
up before and after the experiment.
分別計算兩個裝置在實驗前後質量的差，從而得出
每個裝置中蒸發了的水的質量。

36
 2.3

Recording the results 記錄結果

Mass of set-up at Mass of set-up after 30
the beginning (M1) minutes (M2) Mass of water
evaporated
實驗前裝置的 30 分鐘後裝置的
質量 (M2) (g) 蒸發了的水的質量 (g)
質量 (M1) (g)
Set-up A
(Humidity: ______)
裝置 A
（濕度：
_______ ）

Set-up B
(Humidity: ______)
裝置 B
（濕度：
In which
_______ ） set-up
does water evaporate more quickly? Set-up A
哪個裝置中的水蒸發得較快？ 裝置 A
37
 2.3
Drawing a conclusion 結論
The rate of evaporation of water is
lower
___________ (higher / lower) when the humidity
is higher.
空氣濕度愈高，水的蒸發速率愈 ________ 低
（高／低）。

38
 2.3
Part II Temperature 第二部分 温度
Setting a question 提出問題
temperature affect the rate of
How does ___________
evaporation of water?
温度
_________ 怎樣影響水的蒸發速率？

39
 2.3
Identifying variables 分辨變量
Independent
variable Temperature
自變量 温度
Dependent Mass of water evaporated
variable
因變量 蒸發了的水的質量
Controlled
variables
Air speed
空氣流動的速
✔

Amount of water added ✔

控制變量 加入水的分量
✔ Exposed surface area to air ✔
率
Humidity  
暴露在空氣中的表面面積
✔
空氣濕度
Temperature Type and size of filter paper
 
温度 濾紙的種類和大小
40
 2.3
Carrying out the experiment 進行實驗
1 Put two pieces of filter paper on two Petri dishes.
Label the Petri dishes C and D.
把兩片濾紙分別放在兩個培養皿內，並把培養皿
標註為 C 和 D 。
filter paper
濾紙

C D
41
 2.3
2 Use a dropper to add three drops of water to
each piece of filter paper.
用滴管在每片濾紙上加三滴水。

Water
水

C D
42
 2.3
3 Measure the mass of each set-up with an electric
balance (M3).
用電子天平量度每個裝置的質量 (M3) 。

43
 2.3
4 Place an unopened heat pack under set-up C and
an opened heat pack under set-up D.
在裝置 C 底下放一個未開啟的暖包，裝置 D 底下
放一個已開啟的暖包。
opened heat pack
unopened heat pack
已開啟的暖包
未開啟的暖包

C D

44
 2.3
5 Record the temperature of both pieces of filter
paper.
用紅外線温度計量度裝置 C 和 D 的温度。記錄兩個
裝置的温度。

C D

45
 2.3
6 Leave both set-ups in air for 30 minutes. Measure
the mass of each set-up again (M4).
把兩個裝置靜置 30 分鐘，然後再次量度每個裝置的
質量 (M4) 。

Find the mass of water evaporated in each set-up

by calculating the difference in the mass of the set-
up before and after the experiment.
分別計算兩個裝置在實驗前後質量的差，從而得出
每個裝置中蒸發了的水的質量。

46
 2.3

Recording the results 記錄結果

Mass of set-up at Mass of set-up after 30
the beginning (M3) minutes (M4) Mass of water
evaporated
實驗前裝置的 30 分鐘後裝置的
質量 (M4) (g) 蒸發了的水的質量 (g)
質量 (M3) (g)
Set-up C
(Humidity: ______)
裝置 C
（濕度：
_______ ）

Set-up D
(Humidity: ______)
裝置 D
（濕度：
In which
_______ ） set-up
does water evaporate more quickly? Set-up D
哪個裝置中的水蒸發得較快？ 裝置 D
47
 2.3
Drawing a conclusion 結論
higher
The rate of evaporation of water is ___________
temperature is higher.
(higher / lower) when the ___________
温度 愈高，水的蒸發速率愈 ________
_______ 高 （ 高／低）。

48
 2.3
Part III Air speed 第三部分 空氣流動的速率
Setting a question 提出問題
How does air speed affect the rate of
evaporation of water?
空氣流動的速率怎樣影響水的蒸發速率？

49
 2.3
Identifying variables 分辨變量
Independent
Air speed
variable
空氣流動的速率
自變量
Dependent Mass of water evaporated
variable 蒸發了的水的質量
因變量
Controlled Humidity, temperature, amount of water
variables added, exposed surface area to air, type and
控制變量 size of filter paper
空氣濕度、温度、加入水的分量、暴露在空氣
中的表面面積、濾紙的種類和大小
50
 2.3
Carrying out the experiment 進行實驗

1 Put two pieces of filter paper on two Petri dishes.

Label the Petri dishes E and F.
把兩片濾紙分別放在兩個培養皿內，並把培養皿
標註為 E 和 F 。

51
 2.3
2 Use a dropper to add three drops of water to each
piece of filter paper.
用滴管在每片濾紙上加三滴水。

52
 2.3
3 Measure the mass of each set-up with an electric
balance (M5).
用電子天平量度每個裝置的質量 (M5) 。

53
 2.3
4 Leave set-up E in still air.
Blow air from a hand-held electric fan onto set-up F.
把紙巾 E 置於靜止的空氣中，紙巾 F 則用手提式
電風扇吹着。

54
 2.3
5 After 30 minutes, measure the mass of each set-up
again (M6).
在 30 分鐘後，再次量度每個裝置的質量 (M6) 。

Find the mass of water evaporated in each set-up

by calculating the difference in the mass of the
set-up before and after the experiment.
分別計算兩個裝置在實驗前後質量的差，從而得出
每個裝置中蒸發了的水的質量。

55
 2.3
Recording the results 記錄結果
Mass of set-up at Mass of set-up after Mass of water
the beginning (M5) 30 minutes (M6) evaporated
實驗前裝置的 30 分鐘後裝置的 蒸發了的水的
質量 (M5) (g) 質量 (M6) (g) 質量 (g)

Set-up E
裝置 E
Set-up F
裝置 F
In which set-up does water evaporate more quickly? Set-up F
哪個裝置中的水蒸發得較快？ 裝置 F

56
 2.3
Drawing a conclusion 結論
The rate of evaporation of water is higher when
the air speed is higher.
空氣流動的速率愈高，水的蒸發速率愈高。

57
B Rate of evaporation
1.1 蒸發速率

The rate of evaporation of water is higher when

在下列情況下，水的蒸發速率較高：
• larger
the surface area exposed to air is ___________ (larger /
smaller)
物體暴露在空氣中的表面面積較 ＿＿＿＿＿（大／小）； 大
• lower
the humidity is ___________ (higher / lower)
空氣濕度較 ＿＿＿＿＿（高／低）；低
• higher
the temperature is ___________ (higher / lower)
高
温度較 ＿＿＿＿＿（高／低）；
• higher
the air speed is ___________ (higher / lower)
空氣流動的速率較 ＿＿＿＿＿（高／低）。 高

58
1 In which of the following conditions will wet clothes dry slowly
在下列哪個（些）情況下，濕衣服會乾得很慢？
(1) Folding the clothes 把衣服摺起來✔
(2) Low humidity 空氣濕度低✘
(3) Exposing to sunlight 把衣服晾在陽光下✘
A (1) only
只有 (1)
B (1) and (2) only
只有 (1) 和 (2)
C (1) and (3) only
只有 (1) 和 (3)
D (2) and (3) only
只有 (2) 和 (3)

59
2 The following containers hold the same amount of water
and are left under the sun. After several hours, which
container would have the least amount of water?
下列各容器盛有相同分量的水。把它們靜置在陽光下幾小時
後，哪個容器會剩下最少水

A B

C D

60
 2.2
1 The water cycle involves the following processes:
水循環涉及以下四個過程：

Evaporation 蒸發 Condensation 凝結
Water in the sea, rivers and on The water vapour cools down
land evaporates and becomes and condenses, forming
water vapour. clouds.
海洋、河流和陸地上的 水汽遇冷凝結成小水滴。
水蒸發成水汽。 小水滴聚集起來，形成雲。

Precipitation 降雨 Transportation 運輸
Water droplets in the cloud Clouds may be carried to
fall as rain. other places by the wind.
雲裏的水滴降下成雨。 風可能把雲帶到其他地方。

61
 2.2
2 The rate of evaporation of water is higher when
在下列情況下，水的蒸發速率較高：
 the surface area exposed to air is larger,
物體暴露在空氣中的表面面積較大；
 the humidity is lower,
空氣濕度較低；
 the temperature is higher,
温度較高；
 the air speed is higher.
空氣流動的速率較高。

62
 Level 1
2.2
程度 1
Joe prepares the set-up. The set-up is placed under the sun.
After several hours, liquid P is collected in the glass.
祖偉設置了下面的實驗裝置，然後把裝置放在陽光下。
幾小時後，裝置內的玻璃杯收集到液體 P 。
eraser
橡皮擦
plastic sheet
保鮮紙
glass
玻璃杯
large bowl
大碗
coloured water
染了色的水

63
 Level 1
2.2
程度 1
1 The formation of liquid P involves boiling
and condensation.
液體 P 的形成涉及沸騰和凝結兩個過程。

 
64
 Level 1
2.2
程度 1
2 Liquid P is colourless.
液體 P 是無色的。

 
65
 Level 1
2.2
程度 1
3 Liquid P can be collected in the glass more quickly
when the coloured water is heated.
如果把染了色的水加熱，玻璃杯中會更快地收集到
相同分量的液體 P 。

 
66
 Level 2
2.2
程度 2
4 Grace finds that it takes a long time to dry her hair without
using a hairdryer.
思思留意到如果沒有使用電風筒，她的頭髮需要很長時間才
會乾透。
a Give TWO reasons to explain why wet hair dries more
quickly under hot hair from a hairdryer. (2 marks)
提出兩個原因，解釋為甚麼用電風筒的熱風吹頭髮，頭髮
乾透會快得多。 （ 2 分）
The air speed is higher (1) and the
temperature is higher (1).
空氣流動的速率較高 (1) 和
温度較高 (1) 。

67
 Level 2
2.2
程度 2
b Grace usually separates her hair with her fingers
when using the hairdryer. Explain why. (1 mark)
思思用電風筒吹頭髮時，通常會用手指把頭髮揚開。
為甚麼？ （ 1 分）
This increases the surface area exposed to air.
(1)
這可增加頭髮暴露在空氣中的表面面積。 (1)

68