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The structure of the atom 11/12/2023

Starter: Use your periodic table (4 marks)


1. Which element is
hydrogen? B

2. Which element is a
halogen? D

3. Which element is a metal in


the same group of the
periodic table as element
A? E

4. Which element exists as


single atoms? C Note: atomic mass and
atomic number the other
way around in your PT
The structure of the 11/12/2023

LO: Toatom
give a detailed explanation of atomic
structure.
• State the charge and relative mass of protons
neutrons and electrons (3)
• Describe what the atomic number and the mass
number of an atom represent (4)
• Discuss why overall atoms have no net charge (5)
• Analyse the structure of the atom, and use your
findings to produce a model (6)
RECAP - CURRENT ATOMIC
THEORY
 The atom has a neutral charge, and is a spherical entity
composed of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by
one or more negatively charged electrons.
THE MASS OF AN ATOM
 The mass of an atom is concentrated at the nucleus.
 Protons and neutrons have the same mass = 1
 Electrons have no mass and are not in the nucleus.

So small we say 0
Which element has an atomic number of 8?
ATOMIC NUMBER Oxygen

 All atoms of a particular element have the same number of


protons.
 E.g. All carbon atoms have 6 protons in their nucleus.

Some put atomic


number above,
some do not.
Atomic number is
the smaller number

 The number of protons is called the atomic number


 The atomic number also tells you the number of electrons – this is
why atoms have no net charge!
MASS NUMBER
 The mass number is the number of protons and neutrons added together
 We can work out the number of neutrons from the mass number

Some put mass


Remember
number below,
Protons and
some do not. Mass
neutrons
number is the larger
both weigh 1.
number

 Carbon has 6 protons and a mass number of 12.


 12 – 6 = 6 neutrons

 How many neutrons does Oxygen have?


16 – 8 = 8 neutrons
CALCULATING THE NUMBER
OF NEUTRONS
 Given the atomic and mass numbers we can work out the number
of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom.
 For example lets look at Argon in the periodic table
 Its atomic number is 18, so it has 18 protons and 18 electrons
 Its mass number is 40, so 40 -18 = 22 neutrons

 Number of neutrons = mass number – atomic number


ELECTRONS ORBIT THE
NUCLEUS IN SHELLS
 Electrons orbit the
nucleus at set distances in
certain, fixed energy
levels (AKA shells).
 The first energy level can
hold up to 2 electrons
 The second and third can
hold up to 8 electrons Oxygen has an atomic number
each of 8. What is its electron
configuration?

1s2, 2s6
LEARNING CHECKPOINT 10 minutes

End
• Which element would you
associate with the devil?
Choose from C, O or N.
• Think of the number of
protons, electron and neutrons
C = 6, 6 and 6
N = 7, 7 and 7
O = 8, 8 and 8
WORKSHEET ANSWERS
Your Guide to Atom Shell Electrons it can
The Atom Electron number hold
1
2
2
Orbital Proton 8
3
8
Nucleus
Neutron
Mass number The
____________________:
To find the number of neutrons in an atom you need to Protons
total number of ___________
Mass number – atomic number
________________________________________________________________ &Neutrons
_____________
Atomic Symbol: 7
________
Element
Subatomic particle Charge Mass Location in atom
____________________ Li
Symbol
Electron -1
0 Orbital _ 3
Neutron 0 1
Nucleus Atomic Number:
___________
Proton +1 1 Nucleus
Protons
Number of ___________
which is equal to the
number ofElectrons
______________

11/12/2023
YOU NEXT TASK –
MODELLING THE ATOM
Equipment
 cotton wool balls
 coloured paper
 card
 wooden sticks
 pipe cleaners
 straws
 periodic table

Task
In this activity you will use the idea of the ‘atomic’ model of an atom to
produce a model of a particular element. You will then evaluate your model
and highlight its good points and its limitations.
*Worksheet questions and additional stretch
sheet available
WORKSHEET ANSWERS
2. Example using Li Has an atomic number of 3 so 3 protons
and 3 electrons. Has a mass number of 7
so 7-3 = 4 neutrons
3. Describe where each type of particle is found in the atom
Protons and neutrons in nucleus, electrons orbiting on outside

4. Sketch your atom


Sketch includes nucleus (protons and neutrons). Correct number of
each with labelling. Correct number of electrons in shells.
5. What parts are accurate when comparing to real atom
Numbers of each subatomic particles, number of electrons in shells
6. Explain which parts do not represent the atom very well
The size of the model!
WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT
TODAY?
• State the charge and relative mass of protons
neutrons and electrons (3)
• Describe what the atomic number and the
mass number of an atom represent (4)
• Discuss why overall atoms have no net charge
(5)
• Analyse the structure of the atom, and use
your findings to produce a model (6)

Task: In your books write a sentence or two discussing which


learning objectives you have reached today.
1. Are there any bits you found easy or interesting?
2. Are there any parts you found difficult?
3. How could you improve on your current knowledge?
Quiz

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

11/12/2023
1
The most important
thing to remember from
this lesson is…

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11/12/2023
3
The bit I didn’t get
was......

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11/12/2023
4
The mass number is the
number of _____ + the
number of ______

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11/12/2023
5

Before this lesson I did


not know that…

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11/12/2023
6

Its not a pass. Tell me


the charge of the
proton and where is it
found?

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11/12/2023
7
Why do atoms have an
overall neutral charge?

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11/12/2023
8

The lesson was about…

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11/12/2023
9

The atomic number tells us


the number of _____ and
_______

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11/12/2023

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