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Cloud Seeding

Cloud seeding involves introducing certain substances like silver iodide or dry ice into clouds with the goal of increasing precipitation. There are two main types - hygroscopic seeding which aims to produce larger raindrops through coalescence in warm clouds, and glaceogenic seeding which seeks to increase ice crystals in cold clouds that will grow and fall as snow or rain. While studies have found cloud seeding can increase precipitation by 10-15%, the practice remains controversial due to difficulties proving its effectiveness from natural variability.

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187 views23 pages

Cloud Seeding

Cloud seeding involves introducing certain substances like silver iodide or dry ice into clouds with the goal of increasing precipitation. There are two main types - hygroscopic seeding which aims to produce larger raindrops through coalescence in warm clouds, and glaceogenic seeding which seeks to increase ice crystals in cold clouds that will grow and fall as snow or rain. While studies have found cloud seeding can increase precipitation by 10-15%, the practice remains controversial due to difficulties proving its effectiveness from natural variability.

Uploaded by

vikram_goel
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CLOUD SEEDING

Presented byVikram Goel 11CL60R02

Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere & Land Studies Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
4/27/12

Water consumption doubling every 20 years By 2040 water demand will exceed the supply by over 30% Water The new oil?
Water Consumption

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The
deliberate treatment of certain clouds or cloud systems with the intent of affecting the precipitation process(es) within those clouds.

Cloud Seeding
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10-15 %
Advantages

Increase in precipitation This extra water can be saved in a reservoir for when you are in a drought

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Air Parcel (Saturated)


A di ab at ic C oo lin g

Orographic lifting Convection Cold Front Convergence

Condensation Dust Nuclei Particles Sea salt particles Ice Crystals

Clouds Formation
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Air Parcel (Unsaturat ed)

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Types
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Temperature > -10C Collison Coalescence

Warm Cloud
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Water Vapor

Evaporatio n
Water Droplet

Condensatio n Large & heavy enough to fall ?


Ye s

condensati on
Water Vapor

Rai n

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Objective - Hygroscopic Seeding

Introduce large drops into


cloud

Large drops collide with

small cloud droplets and grow into rain drops (Coalescence) large enough to fall out of cloud and reach ground.
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Rain drops heavy and

Hygroscopic Particles:

Extremely moisture absorbent


Examples of Hygroscopic Material

Common Table Salt Ammonium Nitrate Urea Fertilizer

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Temperature < -10 C Ice crystals acts as nucleus

Cold Cloud
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Water Vapor

Evaporatio n
Supercooled Water Droplets

Sublimation
Ice Crystals

Large & heavy enough to fall ?


Ye s

Condensat ion

Sublimation

Water Vapor

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Sno 13 w

Objective - Glaceogenic Cloud Seeding To increase population of ice crystals so they can grow at the expense of supercooled cloud droplets and fall out of the cloud as rain. Glaceogenic Materials Silver Iodide Dry Ice

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Ground Generators Planes Rockets

Medium
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Unintentional OVERSeeding : Air

Pollution

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Increase precipitation Hailstorm Prevention Hurricane Modification Fog depression at airports To create favorable meteorological conditions for carrying out social programs
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Other Applications

Chinese government guaranteed clear skies 1,104 rain dispersal rockets from 21 sites

Beijing 2008
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2020

Russia has been using the process to control precipitation since the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 China is the greatest user of this process, using it extensively to control precipitation in drought stricken areas as well as urban settlements. We influence the clouds on a much greater scale by other means

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Understanding Weather & Climate - Edward Aguado, James E. Burt Physical Hydrology Martin R Hendriks Does cloud Seeding Work Scientific American

Refrences
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Click icon to add picture

Thank You
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