Basic Electricity

GROUP 4

INTRODUCTION
TO
INDUSTRIAL ARTS
What is Electricity?
• It is a fundamental form of energy observable in positive and negative
forms that occurs naturally (as in lightning) or is produced (as in a
generator) and that is expressed in terms of the movement and interaction
of electrons. It is a basic force of nature that keeps many of the devices and
systems we use on a daily basis. Basic electricity is crucial in Industrial Arts
as it forms the foundation for understanding and operating electrical
systems. It enables students to comprehend the principles behind various
industrial machines, fostering safety, efficiency, and troubleshooting skills
essential in the field.
Basic Properties of Electricity
1. Charge: Charge: The idea of electric charge is important to electricity.
Charges come in two types: positive and negative. Opposite charges
attract one another, while like charges repel one another.
2. Current: Electric current is the term for the movement of electric
charge. The pace at which electric charge moves through a conductor is
known as current, and it is expressed in amperes (A).
3. Voltage: The force responsible for moving electric current is voltage,
often known as electric potential difference. It shows the energy per
unit charge available to transfer electrons between two places and is
measured in volts (V).
4. Resistance: Any substance will, to some degree, resist the flow of
electricity. Resistance is a property that hinders the flow of electrons
and is measured in ohms (Ω).
5. Circuit: A closed loop or path that allows electric current to flow
through it is called an electric circuit. Usually, it consists of parts like
inductors, resistors, capacitors, and different kinds of electricity
sources.
Voltage, Current, and Resistance

1. Voltage: Voltage is the electrical "push" or force that makes

electric charges (electrons) move through a circuit. It is
meaured in volts (V)
2. Current:: Current is the actual flow of electric charges
(electrons) in a circuit. It is measured in amperes (I)
3. Resistance: Resistance is the opposition that limits the flow
of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in ohms (Ω)
Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law is a fundamental principle in electricity that
establishes a relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and
resistance (R) in a circuit. The law is expressed by the formula:
V=IxR

V represents voltage, the electric potential difference measured in volts.

I represents current, the flow of electric charge measured in amperes.
R represents resistance, the hindrance to current flow measured in ohms.
Ohm's Law Triangle
The Ohm's law can be also
expressed a bit differently, which is
called the Ohm's Law Triangle. The
triangle helps rearrange the
formula to find the unknown
variable by covering up the variable
you want to calculate.

To find V: Cover up V, and the

formula becomes V=I×R.
To find I: Cover up I, the formula
becomes I = V ÷ R
To find R: Cover up R, the formula
becomes R = V ÷ I
Power and Energy
1. Power(P): Power is the rate at which energy is transferred or
converted. In the context of electricity, it's the rate at which work is
done or the rate at which electrical energy is used. It is measured in
watts (W), where 1 watt is equivalent to 1 joules.

2. Energy(E): Energy is the capacity to do work, and electrical energy is

the ability to do work through the movement of electric charges. It is
measured in watt-hours (Wh) or kilowatt-hours (kWh) for larger
quantities.
Energy Consumption in Electrical Devices

Power and Time: The energy consumed (E) by an electrical device

is the product of power (P) and time (t): E=P×t.

Example: If a 100-watt light bulb is on for 2 hours, it consumes

200 watt-hours (0.2 kilowatt-hours) of electrical energy.
Magnetism and Electromagnetism

Magnetism is the property of certain materials to

attract or repel each other. Magnets have two
poles, north and south, and like poles repel while
opposite poles attract.
Electromagnetism is the interaction between
electric currents and magnetic fields. It's a
phenomenon where electricity produces
magnetism and vice versa.
 Relationship Between Electricity and
Magnetism

Electromagnetic Induction: Moving a wire

through a magnetic field or changing the
magnetic field around a wire induces an
electric current. This is the basis of generators
and transformers.
 How Does Electromagnets Work?

An electromagnet is a coil of wire

wrapped around a core material, often
iron. When an electric current flows
through the coil, it generates a magnetic
field around the coil. The strength of the
electromagnet is directly proportional to
the current flowing through the coil and
the number of turns in the coil. By
controlling the current flow, the strength
of the electromagnet can be adjusted.
When the current stops, the magnetic
field disappears.
Importance of Electrical Safety
1.Preventing Hazards: Electricity can cause serious injuries,
fires, or even fatalities if not handled properly. Electrical safety
is crucial to prevent accidents and protect lives.

2.Property Protection: Electrical malfunctions can lead to

damage of appliances, equipment, and structures. Following
safety measures helps avoid costly repairs or replacements.

3.Ensuring Continuity: Proper electrical safety practices

contribute to the reliability of electrical systems, reducing the
risk of disruptions and downtime.
Common Safety Practices in Handling
Electricity
1. Inspection and Maintenance: Regularly inspect electrical cords,
outlets, and appliances for damage. Replace or repair any faulty
equipment promptly.
2. Avoiding Overloading: Do not overload power outlets or power strips.
Distribute the load evenly to prevent overheating and potential fire
hazards.
3. Proper Wiring: Hire qualified professionals for electrical installations
and repairs. Ensure wiring is up to code and suitable for the intended
use.
4. Use of GFCIs: Install Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) in areas
where water is present, such as kitchens and bathrooms, to prevent
electric shocks.
5. Cord Safety: Do not run cords under rugs or carpets, and avoid
pinching cords in doors or windows. Use extension cords only as
temporary solutions.
6. Electrical Appliances: Unplug appliances when not in use.
Follow manufacturer's instructions for proper use and
maintenance.
7. Safety Gear: Use appropriate personal protective equipment
when working with electricity, such as insulated gloves and
safety goggles.
8. Caution with Water: Keep electrical devices away from
water, and never use them with wet hands. Water is a good
conductor of electricity and increases the risk of electric
shocks.
9. Emergency Preparedness: Know the location of circuit
breakers and how to turn off power in case of an emergency.
Have emergency contacts and information readily available.
10. Training and Awareness: Ensure that individuals working
with or around electricity are trained on safety procedures.
Promote awareness of potential hazards.
Everyday Applications of Basic Electricity

1. Lighting: Incandescent bulbs, fluorescent lights, LED lights,

and other lighting fixtures rely on basic electrical principles
to illuminate homes, offices, and public spaces.
2. Appliances: Household appliances such as refrigerators, air
conditioners, washing machines, and microwaves operate on
basic electrical principles to provide essential functions.
3. Electronics:Devices like smartphones, laptops, TVs, and
radios utilize electricity for powering circuits, processing
information, and generating signals for communication and
entertainment.
4. Power Tools: Tools like drills, saws, and grinders commonly
use electricity to perform various tasks efficiently.
Industrial Applications
1. Manufacturing Processes: Electric motors power conveyor
belts, assembly lines, and machinery in manufacturing
plants, contributing to the efficiency and automation of
production processes.
2. Power Distribution: Electrical systems facilitate the
distribution of power in industrial settings, supplying energy
to machines, equipment, and lighting.
3. Electroplating: Industrial processes like electroplating use
electricity to deposit a thin layer of metal onto a surface for
corrosion resistance or decorative purposes.
4. Transportation: Electric vehicles, powered by electricity
stored in batteries, are becoming more prevalent in industrial
applications for sustainable and efficient transportation.
5. Chemical Processing: Various chemical processes utilize
electricity for the production of chemicals, metals, and other
industrial materials.
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Gian Redillas
Angelica Obing
Joshua Jintalan
Ian Lansangan
Chris Jericho Lumbao
Gian Lovendino
Wency Maceda
Joshua Ogao