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Real Time System Concepts

This document discusses real-time systems, which are systems that must respond to events within specific time constraints. It defines real-time systems and distinguishes between hard and soft real-time systems. Hard real-time systems will fail if deadlines are missed, while soft real-time systems can tolerate some missed deadlines. The document also classifies real-time systems and provides examples of typical real-time requirements for applications like industrial control, automotive, avionics, telecommunications, and medical devices.

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62 views11 pages

Real Time System Concepts

This document discusses real-time systems, which are systems that must respond to events within specific time constraints. It defines real-time systems and distinguishes between hard and soft real-time systems. Hard real-time systems will fail if deadlines are missed, while soft real-time systems can tolerate some missed deadlines. The document also classifies real-time systems and provides examples of typical real-time requirements for applications like industrial control, automotive, avionics, telecommunications, and medical devices.

Uploaded by

adamprosper99
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REAL TIME SYSTEM

CONCEPTS
Real time system concept in managing industrial systems
REAL TIME SYSTEM
 Real time is a quantatitive notion of time.

 A system is called real time system. When we need quantitative expression of time to
describe the behavior of the system.

 The term “real-time system” refers to any information processing system with hardware and
software components that perform real-time application functions and can respond to events
within predictable and specific time constraints. Common examples of real-time systems
include air traffic control systems, process control systems, and autonomous driving systems
REAL-TIME SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPALS OF
REAL TIME SYSTEMS
 Time Constraints: Time constraints related with real-time systems simply means that time
interval allotted for the response of the ongoing program
 Real-time communication: Real-time systems often require real-time communication
between different components or devices.
 Correctness: Correctness is one of the prominent part of real-time systems. Real-time systems
produce correct result within the given time interval.
 Safety: Safety is necessary for any system but real-time systems provide critical safety. Real-
time systems also can perform for a long time without failures.
 Concurrency: Real-time systems are concurrent that means it can respond to a several number
of processes at a time.
 Distributed: In various real-time systems, all the components of the systems are connected in
a distributed way.
COMPARE HARD VS SOFT REAL TIME
SYSTEMS(RTS) IN INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM
 Soft real-time is when a system continues to function even if it’s unable to execute within an
allotted time. If the system has missed its deadline, it will not result in critical consequences.
The system can continue to function, though with undesirable lower quality of output.
 Hard real-time is when a system will cease to function if a deadline is missed, which can
result in catastrophic consequences.

Hard real-time Soft real-time


A hard-real time system is a system in which a failure to A soft real-time system is a system in which onor more
meet even a single deadline may lead to complete or failures to meet the deadline are noconsidered complete
appalling system failure. system failure, but thperformance is considered to be
degraded.
In this system, response time is predefined that is in a In this system, response time is higher
millisecond.
Peak load performance should be predictable. In a soft real-time system, peak load can btolerated.
CONT..
Hard real-time Soft real-time

Hard real-time systems have short term data integrity. Soft real-time systems have long term datintegrity.

In case of an error in a hard real-time system, the In a soft real-time system, computation is rollback
computation is rolled back. to a previously established checkpoint tinitiate a
recovery action.
Hard real-time systems are not flexible, and they Soft real-time systems are more flexible. Thehave
have less laxity and generally provide full deadline greater laxity and can tolerate certaamounts of
compliance. deadline misses.
Hard real-time examples Soft real-time examples
Satellite launch, Railway signalling systems, and DVD player, telephone switches, electrongames,
Safety-critical systems are good examples of a hard Linux, and many other OS provide a soreal-time
realtime system. system.
CLASSIFICATION OF RTS FOR
AUTOMATIC SYSTEMS
Real-Time systems can be classified as:

1. HARD REAL-TIME SYSTEM:


• A system whose operation is degraded if results are not
proceeded according to specified timing requirements.
• System response occur within a specified deadline. Failure to
meet such a timing requirement can have catastrophic
consequences.
• Systems where it is absolutely imperative that responses occur
within the required deadline. Example: Flight control systems,
automotive systems, robotics etc.
CONT..
Real-Time systems can be classified as:
2. SOFT REAL-TIME SYSTEMS:
• A system whose operation is incorrect if results are not
produced according to the timing constraints. Catastrophic
results will happen then.
• The response times are important but not critical to the
operation of the system . Failure to meet the timing
requirements would not impair the system.
• Systems where deadlines are important but which will
still function correctly if deadlines are occasionally
missed. Example: Banking system, multimedia etc
CONT..
Real-Time systems can be classified as:

3. FIRM REAL-TIME SYSTEMS:


There is no value for a response that occurs
past a specific deadline. Failure to meet the
timing requirements is undesirable

Notes:
A single system may have both hard and
soft real-time Subsystems.
In reality many systems will have a cost
function associated with missing each
deadline.
THE TYPICAL REAL-TIME FOR
VARIOUS APPLICATIONS
 The following are descriptions of typical real-time necessities for various applications:

1. Industrial Control Systems:


Description: These systems are used to control manufacturing processes and
machinery.
Examples :
 Chemical plant Control
 Automated Car Assembly plant

2. Automotive Systems:
Description: Real-time systems in automobiles control various functions, such as
engine control, braking systems, airbag deployment, and entertainment systems.
Real-Time Requirement: Critical automotive systems demand response times in
the millisecond range to ensure safety and optimal performance
APPLICATIONS CONT..
3. Avionics:
Description: Avionics systems are crucial for the operation of aircraft, including navigation,
communication, and control systems.
Real-Time Requirement: Avionics systems often require extremely fast response times, measured
in microseconds or even nanoseconds, to ensure the safety and precision required for air travel.
4. Telecommunications:
Description: Real-time requirements in telecommunications involve data transmission, signal
processing, and network management.
Real-Time Requirement: Telecommunication systems often demand low latency to ensure
fast data transmission and response times, typically in the millisecond or submillisecond range.
5. Medical Devices:
Description: Medical devices, such as heart monitors or infusion pumps, often have realtime
requirements.
Real-Time Requirement: The level of real-time responsiveness depends on the specific medical
application. Critical systems, like life support machines, may require response times in the millisecond
range.

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