STATISTICS AND

PROBABILITY 11
SESSION 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Recall the measures of central tendency and measures of
variability.
2. Illustrate the mean, variance, and standard deviation of a
discrete random variable.
3. Calculate and interpret the mean, variance, and standard
deviation of a discrete random variable.
4. Solve problems involving mean, variance, and standard deviation
of a discrete random variable.
STATISTICS AND
PROBABILITY 11
SESSION 2
MEASURES OF
MEASURES OF MEASURES OF
CENTRAL
VARIABLITY POSITION
TENDENCY

MEAN RANGE QUARTILES

MEDIAN VARIANCE PERCENTILE
S
MODE STANDARD STANDARD
DEVIATION SCORES
MEASURES OF
MEASURES OF MEASURES OF
CENTRAL
VARIABLITY POSITION
TENDENCY

MEAN RANGE QUARTILES

MEDIAN VARIANCE PERCENTILE
S
MODE STANDARD STANDARD
DEVIATION SCORES
 How do we compute the
mean or average of a given
set of data?
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1
NUMBER OF VISITORS

MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

3 1 4 3 2

𝟑+𝟏+𝟒 +𝟑+𝟐
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏=
𝟓
𝟏𝟑
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 =
𝟓
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 =𝟐 .𝟔 ≅ 𝟑
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1

x 1 2 3 4

P(x) 1/5 or 0.2 1/5 or 0.2 2/5 or 0.4 1/5 or 0.2

 MEAN OF A DISCRETE RANDOM
VARIABLE/PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

 The mean of a discrete random variable X is also called the “expected value”
of X.
 It is the weighted average of all the values that the random variable X would
assume in the long run.
 The formula below is used to calculate the mean or expected value of a
discrete random variable X.

𝑬 ( 𝑿 )=∑ [ 𝒙𝑷(𝒙) ]
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1

𝑬 ( 𝑿 )=∑ [ 𝒙𝑷(𝒙) ]
x 1 2 3 4
1/5 or 1/5 or 2/5 or 1/5 or
P(x)
0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2

x P(x) xP(x)
1 0.2 0.2
2 0.2 0.4
3 0.4 1.2
4 0.2 0.8 𝑬 ( 𝑿 )= 𝟐. 𝟔 ≅ 𝟑
∑ [ 𝒙𝑷(𝒙) ]=𝟐.𝟔
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2
 A random variable X has this probability distribution:

x 0 1 2 3

P(x) 0.15 0.32 0.37 0.16

 Calculate the mean or expected value.

TRY THIS ONE!
 A random variable X has this probability distribution:

x 0 1 2 3

P(x) 0.17 0.33 0.36 0.14

 Calculate the mean or expected value.

Book time!
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 3

The officers of the Mathematics

Club are planning to sell 125
tickets to be raffled during the
school’s foundation day. One ticket
will win ₱2,000 and the remaining
tickets will win nothing. If you will
buy one ticket, what will be your
expected gain?
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 4

You play a game with two six-

sided dice. If you roll a sum of
4 or 7, you win 400 pesos. If
you roll a sum of 10, you win
200 pesos. However, you lose
300 pesos for anything else. If
you continue to play the game,
how much do you expect to win
or lose in the game?
Mean of a Discrete
Random Variable
Variance and Standard
Deviation of a Discrete
Random Variable
 VARIANCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF A
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE/PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
 The term variance refers to a statistical measurement of the spread between
numbers in a data set.
 Standard deviation is simply the square root of the variance.

𝝈 =∑ [ ( 𝒙 −𝝁 ) 𝑷(𝒙)]
𝟐 𝟐
√
𝝈= ∑ [ ( 𝒙−𝝁 ) 𝑷(𝒙)]
𝟐

VARIANCE SD
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 5
Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the probability
distribution below.
x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.10 0.45 0.25 0.20

X P(x) xP(x)
0 0.10 0 -1.55 2.4025 0.24025
1 0.45 0.45 -0.55 0.3025 0.136125
2 0.25 0.50 0.45 0.2025 0.050625
3 0.20 0.60 1.45 2.1025 0.4205
𝝁=𝟏 .𝟓𝟓 𝟐
𝝈 =𝟎 .𝟖𝟒𝟕𝟓
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 5
Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the probability
distribution below.
x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.10 0.45 0.25 0.20

MEAN VARIANCE STANDARD DEVIATION

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 6
Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the probability
distribution below.
x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.15 0.38 0.33 0.14

X P(x) xP(x)
0 0.15 0 -1.46 2.1316 0.31974
1 0.38 0.38 -0.46 0.2116 0.080408
2 0.33 0.66 0.54 0.2916 0.096228
3 0.14 0.42 1.54 2.3716 0.332024
𝝁=𝟏 . 𝟒𝟔 𝟐
𝝈 =𝟎 .𝟖𝟐𝟖𝟒
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 6
Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the probability
distribution below.
x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.15 0.38 0.33 0.14

MEAN VARIANCE STANDARD DEVIATION

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 6: ALTERNATIVE METHOD

𝝈 =∑ [ 𝒙 𝑷 ( 𝒙 ) ] − ( ∑ [ 𝒙𝑷 ( 𝒙 ) ] )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.15 0.38 0.33 0.14

X P(x) xP(x)
0 0.15 0 0 0
1 0.38 0.38 1 0.38
2 0.33 0.66 4 1.32
3 0.14 0.42 9 1.26
𝝁=𝟏 . 𝟒𝟔 ∑ [ 𝒙 𝑷(𝒙)]=𝟐.𝟗𝟔
𝟐
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 6
Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the probability
distribution below.
x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.15 0.38 0.33 0.14

∑ [ 𝒙𝑷(𝒙)]=𝟏.𝟒𝟔
∑ [ 𝒙 𝑷(𝒙)]=𝟐.𝟗𝟔
𝟐
TRY THIS ONE!

Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the probability

distribution below.

x 0 1 2 3
P(x) 0.10 0.45 0.25 0.20
WORD PROBLEM 1:

Robin tosses an unbiased coin.

On each toss, he wins ₱50 if a
head appears, and loses ₱20 if a
tail appears. What will be the
expected value and variance of
his gain?
WORD PROBLEM 2:
You want to play a game in a carnival that
involves a small bag containing 20 marbles
where 5 are green, 9 are red, and the rest are
blue. You win ₱50 if you are able to draw a
green marble, and you win ₱20 if you are
able to draw a red marble. You lose ₱10 if
you are able to draw a blue ball. How much
do you expect to win or lose if you play the
game twice?
 Mean, Variance, and
Standard Deviation of a
Discrete Random Variable
REFERENCES:
1. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/variance.asp

2. Orines, F. B., et al. (2019). Next Century Mathematics 10 (Teacher’s Wraparound

Edition). Phoenix Publishing House, Quezon City, Philippines.

3. DepEd Senior High School Module (Statistics and Probability).

THANK YOU AND
GOD BLESS!