Scribd
Upload
59 views20 pages

Maths

This document contains information about several mathematical concepts including the Fibonacci sequence, the golden ratio, Pascal's triangle, and how they appear in nature. It provides background on each topic, how the patterns are derived, examples of their historical and current uses, and visual representations of the concepts. Key details covered include how each subsequent Fibonacci number is the sum of the previous two, the golden ratio's value of approximately 1.618, Pascal's triangle being used to calculate combinations and probabilities, and examples of these patterns appearing in aspects of nature.

Uploaded by

yashvi goti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views20 pages

Maths

This document contains information about several mathematical concepts including the Fibonacci sequence, the golden ratio, Pascal's triangle, and how they appear in nature. It provides background on each topic, how the patterns are derived, examples of their historical and current uses, and visual representations of the concepts. Key details covered include how each subsequent Fibonacci number is the sum of the previous two, the golden ratio's value of approximately 1.618, Pascal's triangle being used to calculate combinations and probabilities, and examples of these patterns appearing in aspects of nature.

Uploaded by

yashvi goti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

MATHS

PORTFOLIO

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.


THE
FIBONACCOI
SEQUENCE
INTRODUCTION

• The Fibonacci Sequence is a


series of number that follow
a unique integer number.
• These number
generate mathematical patte
rns that can be found in
all aspects of life.
• The patterns can be seen in
everything from
human body to the
physiology of plants and
animals.
HOW DOES THE FIBONACCI
SEQUENCE WORK

• The Fibonacci Sequence is derived from the


Fibonacci numbers. The Fibonacci numbers are
as follows :
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89,
144.....and so on.
• These number are obtained by adding the two
previous number in the sequence to obtain the
next higher number.
Example: 1+1=2, 2+3=5, 5+8=13....
• The formula is: Fn= Fn-1 + Fn-2.
• Every third number is even and
the difference between each number is .618
with the reciprocal of 1.618. These number are
known as the "Golden Ratio" or ''Golden Mean".
HISTORY
• It is believed that contribution to
theory began in 200 BC by Indian
mathematicians whose study were
based on sanskrit prosody.
• The sequence was introduced to
Western European mathematics
in 1202 by Leonardo of Pisa.
• His study began with the breeding
patterns of rabbits.
In which he found rabbit generations
duplicated in accordance with
the Fibonacci Sequence.
FIBONACCI
SEQUENCE
IN NATURE
• Patterns
created by the
Fibonacci
Sequence can
be found
throughout
nature.
THE GOLDEN
RATIO
INTRODUCTION
• Two quantities are in the golden ratio if there ratio is same as the ratio of
their sum to the larger of the two quantities.

• Where the Greek letter phi represents the golden ratio.


• It is an irrational number that is a solution to the quadratic equation with
a value of

1.618033988749...
GOLDEN RATIO IS ALSO KNOWN AS:

Extreme and
Golden mean Golden section Medial section
mean ratio

Divine Golden
Divine section Golden cut
proportion proportion

Golden number
HISTORY
• The golden ratio was studied peripherally over the next
millennium.
• Abu Kamil employed it in his geometric calculations of
pentagons and decagons; his writings influenced that of
Fibonacci,who used the ratio in related geometry problems
although he never connected it to the series of numbers named
after him.
• Luca Pacioli named his book Divina proportione after the ratio,
and explored its properties including its appearance in some of
the Platonic solids.
• Leonardo da Vinci, who illustrated the aforementioned book,
called the ratio the sectio aurea. 16th-century mathematicians
such as Rafael Bombelli solved geometric problems using the
ratio.
USES OF GOLDEN RATIO

Painting Architecture Book Design

Perceptual
Nature Aesthetics
studies
GOLDEN RATIO IN NATURE
THE PASCAL'S
TRIANGLE
INTRODUCTION
• Pascal's triangle is a triangular array of the binomial coefficients that arises
in probability theory, combinatorics, and algebra. In much of the Western
world, it is named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal, although
other mathematicians studied it centuries before him in India, Persia,
China, Germany, and Italy.

• The rows of Pascal's triangle are conventionally enumerated starting with


row n=0 at the top. The entries in each row are numbered from the left
beginning with k=0 and are usually staggered relative to the numbers in the
adjacent rows. The triangle may be constructed in the following manner: In
row 0, there is a unique nonzero entry 1. Each entry of each subsequent
row is constructed by adding the number above and to the left with the
number above and to the right, treating blank entries as 0.

• For example, the initial number in the first row is 1, whereas the numbers 1
and 3 in the third row are added to produce the number 4 in the fourth row
FORMULA

• The entry in the nth row and kth column of Pascal's triangle is denoted (n/k).
• For example, the unique nonzero entry in the topmost row is 0/0=1.
• With this notation, the construction of the previous paragraph may be written as follows:

• For any non-negative integer n and any integer 0 < k < n. This recurrence for the binomial
coefficients is known as Pascal's rule.
• Pascal's triangle has higher dimensional generalizations. The three-dimensional version is
called Pascal's pyramid or Pascal's tetrahedron, while the general versions are
called Pascal's simplices.
HISTORY
• The pattern of numbers that forms Pascal's triangle was known well before Pascal's time.
• the Jain mathematician Mahāvīra gave a different formula for the binomial coefficients, using multiplication,
equivalent to the modern formula

• In 1068, four columns of the first sixteen rows were given by the mathematician Bhattotpala, who was the first
recorded mathematician to equate the additive and multiplicative FORMULA FOR THESE NUMBER.
• the Persian mathematician Al-Karaji wrote a now-lost book which contained the first description of Pascal's
triangle. It was later repeated by the Persian poet-astronomer-mathematician Omar Khayyám ; thus the
triangle is also referred to as the Khayyam triangle in Iran.
• Pascal's triangle was known in China in the early 11th century through the work of the Chinese mathematician
Jia Xian. In the 13th century, Yang Hui presented the triangle and hence it is still called Yang Hui's triangle in
China.
• In Italy, Pascal's triangle is referred to as Tartaglia's triangle, named for the Italian algebraist Niccolò Fontana
Tartaglia, who published six rows of the triangle in 1556.
USES OF PASCAL'S TRIANGLE

• Heads and Tails. Pascal's Triangle can show you how many ways
heads and tails can combine. This can then show you the
probability of any combination.
• Combinations. The triangle also shows you how many
Combinations of objects are possible.
• Polynomials. This drawing is entitled "The Old Method Chart of
the Seven Multiplying Squares".
PROPERTIES OF PASCAL'S TRIANGLE

Each number is The first diagonal


The outside The triangle is
the sum of the two shows the
numbers are all 1. symmetric.
numbers above it. counting numbers.

The sums of the Each row gives the Each entry is an And those are the
rows give the digits of the appropriate “binomial
powers of 2. powers of 11. “choose number.” coefficients.”
PASCAL'S TRIANGLE IN NATURE
THANK YOU!
STANDARD: X C
SUBJECT: MATHS
BY: YASHVI MALI

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

You might also like