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    Lac Operon PPT Final

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    kratikaagrawal50
    The lac operon controls the expression of genes involved in the breakdown of lactose in E. coli bacteria. It consists of structural genes that are regulated by a repressor protein. When lactose is present, it causes a conformational change in the repressor protein so that it no longer binds to the operator site, allowing transcription of the structural genes. This is an example of inducible and negative gene control. The presence of both glucose and lactose results in unstable transcription due to catabolite repression, while positive control involves a protein activating transcription in response to cellular signaling molecules.

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    Lac Operon PPT Final

    Uploaded by

    kratikaagrawal50
    388 views18 pages
    The lac operon controls the expression of genes involved in the breakdown of lactose in E. coli bacteria. It consists of structural genes that are regulated by a repressor protein. When lactose is present, it causes a conformational change in the repressor protein so that it no longer binds to the operator site, allowing transcription of the structural genes. This is an example of inducible and negative gene control. The presence of both glucose and lactose results in unstable transcription due to catabolite repression, while positive control involves a protein activating transcription in response to cellular signaling molecules.

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    Lac Operon Ppt Final

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    The lac operon controls the expression of genes involved in the breakdown of lactose in E. coli bacteria. It consists of structural genes that are regulated by a repressor protein. When lactose is present, it causes a conformational change in the repressor protein so that it no longer binds to the operator site, allowing transcription of the structural genes. This is an example of inducible and negative gene control. The presence of both glucose and lactose results in unstable transcription due to catabolite repression, while positive control involves a protein activating transcription in response to cellular signaling molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    388 views18 pages

    Lac Operon PPT Final

    Uploaded by

    kratikaagrawal50
    The lac operon controls the expression of genes involved in the breakdown of lactose in E. coli bacteria. It consists of structural genes that are regulated by a repressor protein. When lactose is present, it causes a conformational change in the repressor protein so that it no longer binds to the operator site, allowing transcription of the structural genes. This is an example of inducible and negative gene control. The presence of both glucose and lactose results in unstable transcription due to catabolite repression, while positive control involves a protein activating transcription in response to cellular signaling molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Lac Operon

    CONTENT
     Introduction
    Concept of lac operon
    Operon model
     Functioning of lac operon
     Different Scenarios
    Positive and Negative control
    INTRODUCTION
    Operon is operating units which can be defined as the
    cluster of genes located together on the chromosomes
    &transcribed together.
    It is group of closely linked structure genes &
    associated control gene which regulate the metabolic
    activity.
    All the genes of an operon are coordinately controlled
    by a mechanism 1st described in 1961 by Francois Jacob
    & Jaques Monod of the Pasture institute of Paris.
    OPERON
    An operon consists of an operator, regulator and
    structural genes.
    Operons are either inducible or repressible according
    to the control mechanism.
    Seventy five different operons controlling 250
    structural genes have been identified for E.coli.
    Both repression and induction are examples of
    negative control.
    Lac OPERON
    • The lactose operon designated as lac operon.
    • The lac operon codes for enzymes involved in
    the catabolism (degradation) of lactose.
    • lactose is the disaccharide which is made up
    of glucose & galactose.
    • It is the inducible operon since the presence
    of lactose induce the operon to switched on.
    Functioning of Lac Operon
    • In the absence of lactose(inducer), the regulator
    gene produce a repressor protein which bind to the
    operator site & prevent the transcription as a result, the
    structural gene do not produce mRNA & the proteins are
    not formed.
    1. When Lactose is absent
    • A repressor protein is continuously synthesised. It sits on
    a sequence of DNA just in front of the lac operon, the
    Operator site
    • The repressor protein blocks the Promoter site where
    the RNA polymerase settles before it starts transcribing.
    2. When Lactose is present
    • A small amount of a sugar allolactose is formed within
    the bacterial cell. This fits onto the repressor protein at
    another active site (allosteric site)
    • This causes the repressor protein to change its shape (a
    conformational change). It can no longer sit on the
    operator site. RNA polymerase can now reach its
    promoter site.
    3. When both Glucose and Lactose present

    • When glucose and lactose are present RNA polymerase


    can sit on the promoter site but it is unstable and it
    keeps falling off.
    Positive Control
    • When glucose is available, gene that participate in the
    metabolism other sugars are repressed, in a phenomenon
    known as catabolite repression.
    • Catabolite repression Is a type of +ve control in the lac
    operon.
    • The catabolite activator protein(CAP), complex cAMP,
    binds to a site near the promoter & stimulates the binding
    of RNA polymerase.
    • A cellular level of cAMP are controlled by glucose;
    allolactose level increases the abundance of cAMP &
    enhance the transcription of the lac structural genes.
    summary

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