GPON&EPON Protocol and Device Theory

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Outline

 XPON basic principles

 EPON vs GPON
 XPON technical principle: protocol stack
 ONU registration process

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XPON Basic Principles
What is PON?
Passive Optical Network
Passive Optical Splitter ONT
Optical Line Terminal

ONT

PSTN

Internet OLT
ONT
Passive Optical Splitter
IPTV Optical Network Terminal

 A passive optical network (PON) is a telecommunications technology used to provide fiber to the end
consumer, both domestic and commercial. A PON's distinguishing feature is that it implements a point-
to-multipoint architecture, in which unpowered fiber optic splitters are used to enable a single optical
fiber to serve multiple end-points.
 A PON is composed of Optical Line Terminal (OLT), Optical Network Unit (ONU), and Passive Optical
Splitter (POS).
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XPON Basic Principles
PON standards:
APON: ATM Passive Optical Networks
EPON: Ethernet Passive Optical Networks
GE-PON: Giga-bit Ethernet Passive Optical Networks
GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks

ATM Ethernet
EPON GEPON

APON

BPON EPON
GPON
GPON www.raisecom.com /
XPON Basic Principles
PON network reference model:
UNI R/S ODN S/R SNI

ONU/ONT OLT Service node

IFpon WDM WDM IFpon V reference point

T reference
point POS
NE
NE

ONU Optical Network Unit

 P2MP topology
ONT Optical Network Terminal
 ODN ODN Optical Distribution Network
 Broadcast (in the downlink direction) OLT Optical Line Terminal

 TDM (in the uplink direction), the OLT

WDM Wavelength Division Multiplex Module
NE Network Element
intensively controls the ONU uplink channels.
SNI Service Node Interface
UNI User Network Interface www.raisecom.com /
XPON Basic Principles

----- Data Multiplexing

XPON adopts WDM technology, implementing single-fiber
bidirectional transmission (forced).

1490nm

1310nm

To separate the incoming and outgoing signals on the same fiber,

it adopts the following two multiplexing technologies:
 For the downlink data, broadcast is adopted.
 For the uplink data, TDMA is adopted.
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XPON Basic Principles
Downlink data

The OLT broadcast packets continuously. All ONUs can receive the same data. However, the ONU will
selectively accept the data.
 In GPON, the downlink frame length is fixed to 125us. The ONU distinguishes data of different services through
GEMPORT ID.
 In EPON, the ONU distinguish data of different services through LLID.

Note: In EPON, the frame length is variable. In GPON, the downlink frame length is fixed.
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XPON Basic Principles
Uplink data

TDMA : for uplink signals, ranging and DBA are adopted to ensure no conflicts among
uplink data.
• PON uplink frames are composed of packets sent from various ONU in form of TDM.
• Uplink data flows from ONUs are coupled by the splitter to one shared fiber and multiplexed into one
continuous data flow in form of TDM.
• Each ONU has a TDM controller which works together with the OLT timer to control the time for sending uplink
packets , thus preventing crashes and conflicts among packets while being multiplexed.
• When ONU sends no data, it still needs to pad the timeslot assigned by the OLT. www.raisecom.com /
GPON vs EPON
 EPON is a PON based on Ethernet packet transmission.
 GPON is a Gigabit PON which integrates ATM/Ethernet/TDM service
access.
 The main differences between GPON and EPON lie in Layer 2. For details,
see the following table.
 Compared with EPON, GPON has advantages in terms of bandwidth,
standard, TDM multi-service carrying, and so on. However, It is more
difficult to implement GPON than EPON and the cost is also higher.

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GPON vs EPON
P2MP

GPON EPON
Standard ITU.T G.984.x IEEE 802.3ah/802.3av (10G EPON)

Rate 2.488G/1.244G 1.25G/1.25G

10G EPON: 10G/10G or 10G/1G
Split ratio 1: 64--1: 128 1: 16--1: 64

Carrier ATM, Ethernet, TDM Ethernet

Line coding
NRZ/FSS
NRZ ， 8B/10B
Bandwidth efficiency 92% 72%

QoS Very good ， Good,

including Ethernet, TDM, ATM only ethernet

Optical budget Class A/B/B+/C Px10/Px20

DBA Standard format Vendor-defined CTC

ONT interconnection OMCI N/A

OAM ITU-T G.984 (strong) Ethernet OAM (week, expanded by

vendor)

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 GPON Standard Protocols
ITU-T G.984.2
ITU-T G.984.1 • Requirements on PMD specifications
• Introduction to GPON parameters • Requirements on parameter specifications of 2.488
• Requirements on protection switching Gbit/s downlink optical interfaces
• Requirements on parameter specifications of 1.244
networking
Gbit/s uplink optical interfaces
• Overhead distribution at the physical layer
Simple development
Strong compatibility

ITU-T G-984.1/2/3/4
ITU-T G.984.3
• Requirements on GPON TC specifications ITU-T G.984.4, G.988
• GTC multiplexing structure and introduction • Introduction to OMCI information structure
to protocol stack • OMCI device management framework
• Introduction to GTC frame structure
• Introduction to OMCI principles
• Process of ONU registration and activation
• Requirements on DBA specifications
• Alarms and performance www.raisecom.com /
GPON Features
 ATM encapsulation mode based on ATM and GEM is not commonly
used.
 GPON provides
Currently, GEM theisfollowing
a widelyasynchronous
used modetransmission
in GPON rates:
0.15552 Gbit/s up, 1.24416 Gbit/s down
0.62208 Gbit/s up, 1.24416 Gbit/s down
1.24416 Gbit/s up, 1.24416 Gbit/s down
0.15552 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down
0.62208 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down
1.24416 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down (widely supported now)
2.48832 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down
 The maximum logical distance supported is 60 km.
 The maximum physical distance supported is 20 km.
 The maximum distance difference supported is 20 km.
 The splitting ratio is 1: 64 which can be upgraded to 1: 128.
Logical distance: 60 km
Logical split ratio: 128
UNI SNI
ONU OLT

ONU

Maximum distance difference: 20km www.raisecom.com /

 GPON Multiplexing OLT

 GEM Port: the minimum bearing unit

of services
GEM Port
 T-CONT (transmission container) is a T-CONT GEM Port
buffer for bearing traffic, mainly used O
GEM Port
for transmitting uplink data. The 1 N
introduction of the T-CONT is for U GEM Port
dynamically assigning uplink T-CONT
bandwidth, thus improving link GEM Port PON
utilization rate. optical
 IF pon: GPON interface O GEM Port interface
 Services will be mapped to the GEM 2 N T-CONT
port first according to mapping rules GEM Port
U
and then mapped to the T-CONT for
being transmitted to the uplink. GEM DBA
port can be flexibly mapped to the T- O
CONT. One T-CONT can be mapped 3 N T-CONT GEM Port
with one GEM port or more GEM ports. U
 The GPON interface of one ONU can
contains one or more T-CONTs
GEM-PORTs are
ONUs are identified T-CONTs are identified identified by
by ONU-ID by Alloc-ID Port-ID
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EPON features
 EPON/10GEPON: IEEE803.3ah and 803.av
 The transmission of signals between OLT and ONU is based on IEEE
802.3 Ethernet frames
 Adopt 8B/10B line coding. The data rate is 1Gbps symmetrically in the
uplink and downlink. The line bit rate is 1.25Gbps symmetrically in the
uplink and downlink.
 P2P emulation sub-layer is a key component in the EPON/MPCP. Based
on the MPCP mechanism of MAC control sub-layer, MPCP controls the
topology structure of P2MP through messages, status, and timer.
 The splitting ratio is 1: 64 (1: 32 is recommended).

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Co-existence between10G EPON and EPON
10G EPON, a next-generation PON, is standardized by IEEE. IEEE 802.3av focuses on physical
layer technologies and make the most use of EPON IEEE 802.3ah MPCP. There are two key
points of the standard. First, it expands the 802.3ah uplink/downlink bandwidth, making it
10 Gbit/s. Second, 10G EPON is highly compatible. The 10G EPON ONUs can co-exist with
the 1G EPON ONUs in the same ODN, thus saving the carrier’s cost to the maximum extent.

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EPON Technical Principles-MPCP Messages
 MPCP is implemented at the MAC layer, which introduces 5 items of control
messages.
 GATE (Opcode ＝ 0002) (sent by OLT): the ONU which receives the GATE frames is
allowed to send data immediately or in the specified period.
 REPORT (Opcode ＝ 0003) (sent by ONU): it reports the ONU status to the OLT,
including which timestamp the ONU is synchronized with and whether there is data to be
sent.
 REGISTER_REQ (Opcode ＝ 0004) (sent by ONU): apply for registration during the
registration procedure.
 REGISTER (Opcode ＝ 0005) (sent by OLT): it notifies that the ONU has recognized
the registration request during the registration procedure.
 REGISTER_ACK (Opcode ＝ 0006) (sent by ONU): it indicates registration
confirmation during the registration procedure.

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GATE frame

 GATE messages is for assigning

sending window for the ONU,
making the ONU able to send
discovery messages and transmit
data normally.
 One GATE message contains 4
authorization.
 To assume the GATE message as
MPCP to keep the link from OLT to
ONU active, you can configure the
number of authorization to 0.

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REPORT messages
 REPORT message has the following
functions:
 The timestamp in each REPORT
message is used to calculate RTT.
 ONU specifies in each REPORT
message the uplink bandwidth
required by each 802.1Q priority
queue.
 The REPORT message is for keeping
the activated status of the link from
the ONU to OLT. To maintain the
links at the ONU end, the ONU will
periodically send REPORT messages.
 The OLT can specifically require for a
REPORT message.

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 EPON Technical Principles － Interaction
process between GATE and REPORT

 The GATE message indicates the sending

window of the ONU, including the start time and
length of the window. The ONU starts sending
data when the ONU LocalTime counter is the
same as the StartTime in the GATE message. The
ONU will leave sufficient margin for the end of
the transmission, thus ensuring that the laser is
turned off before the authorized length interval
expires.
 REPORT is used to report the bandwidth
requirements and install the watchdog timer for
the OLT. REPORT should be generated
periodically even though there is no bandwidth
request, which ensures that the OLT watchdog
timer does not log off ONU due to timeout. To
ensure the normal operation of the mechanism,
OLT will periodically authorize the ONU.

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ONU registration process
Start ONU Enable PON interface after starting
Complete MPCP the ONU.
registration and
OAM discovery by OLT activates the ONU by sending
sending MPCP and MPCP and OAM discovery ONU standard activation
PLOAM messages.
OAM packets. process

OLT execute authentication selective

ONU logical authentication process by sending CTC proprietary OMCI
packets.

Completed Successfully registered Start configuring services after the

through OAM registration is successful.
packets
ONU management configuration The OLT implements management
configuration through OMCI.

Successfully configured ONU can correctly respond to all OMCI

packets and configure services.

EPON GPON

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 EPON ONU registration process
Start ONU Fiber connection
After ONU is started, the PON
Enable PON interface interface is automatically enabled.

MPCP Initiated by OLT, responded by ONU

OAM discovery Initiated by OLT, responded by ONU

Extended OAM discovery Initiated by OLT, responded by ONU

OAM ONU logical authentication Initiated by OLT, responded by ONU

packets

Obtain ONU capabilities and Initiated by OLT, responded by ONU

related information
OLT sends configurations. The ONU
Loading of CTC configurations responds to the command.

OLT sends configurations. RC ONU

The ONU responds to the Loading of RC
command. configurations Non-RC ONU

Successfully registered www.raisecom.com /

 EPON ONU MPCP registration
 Step1: OLT broadcasts one GATE discovery

message to inform the ONU of the discovery

Gate
window period. The GATE discovery message
Start Random contains the start time and length of the
delay time
Discovery REGISTER_REQ window.
time window Broadcast
 Step 2: after receiving the message, the offline
channel
REGISTER ONUs will send REGISTER_REQ messages to

the OLT within the discovery time window.

GATE  Step 3: after receiving the effective

REGISTER_REQ messages, the OLT will

Unicast
REGISTER_ACK
channel register the ONU, assign and specify the LLID

OLT ONT of a new interface, and bind the corresponding

MAC with LLID. The OLT will send Register

messages to the newly found ONU. The

ht803-register-pkt.t Register message contains the ONU LLID and

xt
the synchronization time required by the OLT.

A  Step 4: The OLT sends GATE message. The

ONU responds with REGISTER_ACK message.

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B
EPON ONU OAM discovery (1)

1. Function: complete the discovery of standard OAM and extended

OAM.
2. OAM frame format:

Octets
Octets 1 ExtSupport
6 Destination Address 1 Version
6 Source Address OUI of 1st supported
Octets 3
2 Length/Type Extension
Local Ver. Of 1st supported
1 Subtype 16 1
Information TLV Octets Extension
2 Flags OUI of 2nd supported
Remote 1 Info Type=0xFE 3
16 Extension
1 Code=0x00 Information TLV 1 Length=7+4X Ver. Of 2nd
1
42-1496 Data/Pad Orgnization Specific supported Extension
>6 Information TLV 3 OUI
4 FCS 2+4X Data :
Pad

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EPON ONU OAM discovery (2)
MPCP completed

Standard OAM discovery

OLT ONU

Extended OAM discovery Discovery Process

Extended OAM

OAM discovery completed

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 GPON ONT activation
(ranging and registration)
OLT ONU
 The ONU activation process includes: Upstream-overhead
 The OLT and the ONU negotiate the working message

parameters, ranging, and establish the uplink and Ext-Burst message

Downstream
broadcastin
downlink communication channels. SN request message
g
 ONU activation process is controlled by the OLT,
the activation process is as below: SN obtainment
 The ONU receives the operating parameters through the SN response message Open the
window
Upstream_Overhead message.
 The ONU adjusts its own parameters according to the received Assign OUN_ID
Downstream
operating parameters (eg, Tx optical power). message
broadcasting, assign
 The OLT acquires the serial number of the new ONU by the an ONU ID for each
Serial_Number acquisition process. Ranging Request SN obtained
 The OLT assigns ONU-IDs to all new ONUs. message
 The OLT measures the equalization delay of the new ONU . Ranging response
 The OLT sends the equalization delay measured to the ONU. message Open the window in
Ranging
 The ONU adjusts its upstream frame clock according to the Ranging_time the uplink ONU by
equalization delay. message ONU
 The OLT creates an OMCC channel for the ONU.
 The above activation process is done by Config PortID
exchanging the uplink and downlink flag (flag) and message Establish OMCC OMCC channel
channel ONU by
the PLOAM messages. ONU.
establishment
PWD request
 In normal operation, all transmission signals can message
be used to monitor the phase at which the signal Obtain ONU PWD one
Authentication
arrived. By monitoring the phase of the PWD response
by one

transmitted signal, the equalization delay can be message

updated (note the difference from EPON). Operating status
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ONU logical Authentication: CTC specification

ONU authentication process based on logical ID (authentication ONU authentication process based on logical ID (silence the
succeeded) ONU after authentication failure)

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Thank You !

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