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Electron Configuration and Quantum Numbers

This document provides information about electron configuration and quantum numbers. It defines electron configuration as the arrangement of electrons in an atom's electron shells and subshells. It discusses electron shells, subshells, and the principles of Aufbau, Pauli exclusion, and Hund's rule that govern how electrons fill the shells. The document gives examples of writing electron configurations, using the core notation method, and drawing orbital diagrams. It also defines valence electrons, magnetic properties of atoms based on electron pairing, and the four types of quantum numbers that describe an electron - principal, angular momentum, magnetic, and spin.

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47 views49 pages

Electron Configuration and Quantum Numbers

This document provides information about electron configuration and quantum numbers. It defines electron configuration as the arrangement of electrons in an atom's electron shells and subshells. It discusses electron shells, subshells, and the principles of Aufbau, Pauli exclusion, and Hund's rule that govern how electrons fill the shells. The document gives examples of writing electron configurations, using the core notation method, and drawing orbital diagrams. It also defines valence electrons, magnetic properties of atoms based on electron pairing, and the four types of quantum numbers that describe an electron - principal, angular momentum, magnetic, and spin.

Uploaded by

roviannmaehlidem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 Proton 2 Neutron

3
Nucleus Atomic
Structure

4 Electron
Electron
Configuration
Electron Configuration

The electron configuration of an atom


is the representation of the
arrangement of electrons distributed
among the orbital shells and subshells.
Electron Configuration
Electron shells

Electron shells
surround the
nucleus of an
atom in regions.
Electron shells
It can be denoted
by letters
(K,L,M,N,O,P,Q)
or numbers
(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
Energy Level
Energy level of an
element can also be
based on what
period is the
element located
Subshells or sublevels
All the electrons having the same shell
do not have the same energy. Based on
the energy of the electrons, the shells
are divided into sublevels or subshells.
Subshells or sublevels
Each shell is composed of one or more
subshells, which are themselves
composed of atomic orbitals.
General Rules for
Assigning Electrons
to Atomic Orbitals
Aufbau Principle

It dictates that electrons will occupy


the orbitals having lower energies
before occupying higher energy
orbitals.
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle
It states that no two electrons in an atom can have
the same set of four quantum numbers. This
means no atomic orbital can contain more than
TWO electrons and these electrons must be of
opposite spin if they are to form a pair within an
orbital.
Hund’s Rule

It states that every orbital in a given subshell is


singly occupied by electrons before a second
electron is filled in an orbital.
Write the electron configuration of the ff.
1. Sodium 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
2. Beryllium 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
3. Nitrogen 1s2 2s2 2p3
4. Carbon 1s2 2s2 2p2
5. Aluminum 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Core Method of Electron
Configuration

Another way of expressing the


electron configuration in a much
shorter way.
Write the electron configuration of the ff. elements
using Core Method of Electron Configuration
1. Bromine [Ar] 4s 2
3d 10
4p 5

2. Chlorine [Ne] 3s 2
3p 5

3. Arsenic [Ar] 4s 2
3d 10
4p 3

4. Phosphorus [Ne] 3s2 3p3


5. Tellurium [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p4
Orbital Diagram
An orbital diagram, or orbital filling
diagram, is a type of notation which
illustrates an atom's electron distribution
and electron spin within orbitals.
Orbital Diagram
Write the orbital diagram of the ff.
1. Sodium
2. Beryllium
3. Nitrogen
4. Carbon
5. Aluminum
Write the orbital diagram of the ff.
1. Bromine
2. Chlorine
3. Arsenic
4. Phosphorus
5. Tellurium
Magnetic Property

We will know the magnetic property of an


element based on its orbital diagram.
Paramagnetism
Refers to the magnetic state of an atom with
one or more unpaired electrons. The unpaired
electrons are attracted by a magnetic field due
to the electron’s magnetic dipole moments.
Diamagnetism
Characterized by paired electrons. This
causes the magnetic fields of the electrons to
cancel out; there is no net magnetic moment,
and the atom cannot be attracted into a
magnetic field.
Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Diamagnetism
Valence Electron
These are the electrons that are found on the
outermost energy level of an atom.
We can know the valence electrons based on the
sum of the exponents of the highest energy level
on the configuration.
e- =6

e- =7

e- =8
Identify the valence electron of the ff.
1. Sodium e- =1
2. Beryllium e- =2
3. Nitrogen e- =5
4. Carbon e- =4
5. Aluminum e- =3
Identify the valence electron of the ff.
1. Bromine e- =7
2. Chlorine e- =7
3. Arsenic e- =5
4. Phosphorus e- =5
5. Tellurium e- =6
Quantum
Numbers
What are Quantum Numbers?
Set of four numbers used to
describe electrons’ energy level,
shape of the orbitals, orientation in
space and direction of electron
spin.
Types of
Quantum Numbers
There are four types of Quantum Numbers

• Principal Quantum Number


• Angular/Azimuthal Quantum Number
• Magnetic Quantum Number
• Spin Quantum Number
Principal Quantum Number
The principal quantum number describes the
energy level of an electron. It is denoted by n
ranges from 1 to the shell of the outermost
electron of that atom.
What is the principal quantum
number of 1s ?
2

n=1
Angular/Azimuthal Quantum Number
The angular momentum quantum
number describes the subshell (shape)
and gives the magnitude of the orbital
angular momentum through the relation.
Angular/Azimuthal Quantum Number
It is denoted by ℓ. Values of ℓ are from zero to n-
1.
• For s-orbital, ℓ = 0
• For p-orbital, ℓ = 1
• For d-orbital, ℓ = 2
• For f-orbital, ℓ = 3
What is the azimuthal quantum
number of 3d ?10

ℓ=2
Magnetic Quantum Number (ml)
This describes the shape of the orbitals in a
subshell. Orbitals have shapes that are best
described as spherical, polar or cloverleaf.
The values of ml ranges from –ℓ to +ℓ.
Determining Magnetic Quantum Number
What is the magnetic quantum number
of 3d ?
10

ml=2
Spin Quantum Number

Differentiates how two electrons


behave under a magnetic field.
Can only have two possible values
ms=+½ and -½
Spin Quantum Number
If the given electron is an upward
arrow on the orbital diagram it will get
the value of ms=+½ and if the given
electron is an upward arrow on the orbital
diagram it will get the value of ms=-½
What is the spin quantum
number of 3d ?10

ms=-½
Find the quantum numbers of the following:
1.5f13
2.3d9
3.2p6
4.1s 2

5.3s2
Find the quantum numbers of the following:

1.5f13- n=5, ℓ = 3, ml=2 , ms=-½


2.3d9- n=3, ℓ = 2, ml=1 , ms=-½
3.2p6- n=1, ℓ = 1, ml=1 , ms=-½
4.1s2- n=1, ℓ = 0, ml=0 , ms=-½
5.2p4- n=2, ℓ = 1, ml=-1 , ms=-½

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