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Intro To Computer Organization

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32 views32 pages

Intro To Computer Organization

Uploaded by

John philip Salar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER OUTLINE

 System Organization
 CPU Organization
 Memory Organization and Interfacing
 I/O Organization and Interfacing
 Relatively Simple Computer
 8085-based Computer

Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001


BASIC COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

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SYSTEM COMPONENTS

 CPU/Microprocessor
 Memory Subsystem
 I/O Subsystem

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SYSTEM BUSES

 Address Bus
 Data Bus
 Control Bus

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INSTRUCTION CYCLE

 Fetch
 Decode
 Execute

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INSTRUCTION FETCH

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TYPES OF I/O ORGANIZATION

 Isolated I/O
 Memory-mapped I/O

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CPU ORGANIZATION

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TYPES OF MEMORY

 Static RAM
 Dynamic RAM
 ROM
 PROM
 EPROM
 EEPROM

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MEMORY CHIP ORGANIZATION -
LINEAR

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MEMORY CHIP ORGANIZATION - TWO
DIMENSIONAL

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COMBINING MEMORY CHIPS TO
INCREASE WORD SIZE

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COMBINING MEMORY CHIPS TO
INCREASE ADDRESS SPACE

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LOW-ORDER INTERLEAVING

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VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE

 Instructions and data mixed


 Used in modern computers

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HARVARD ARCHITECTURE

 Instructions and data separate


 Used in low-level cache memory design

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BIG ENDIAN DATA ORGANIZATION

 Most significant byte first

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LITTLE ENDIAN DATA ORGANIZATION

 Least significant byte first

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INPUT DEVICE ORGANIZATION

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OUTPUT DEVICE ORGANIZATION

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BIDIRECTIONAL I/O DEVICE
ORGANIZATION

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I/O INTERFACE ENHANCEMENTS

 READY signal
 Interrupts
 DMA

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RELATIVELY SIMPLE COMPUTER
SPECIFICATIONS
 Relatively Simple CPU
 8K ROM starting at 0000H
 8K RAM starting at 2000H
 Memory-mapped, bidirectional I/O port at 8000H

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RELATIVELY SIMPLE COMPUTER
ORGANIZATION - CPU DETAILS

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RELATIVELY SIMPLE COMPUTER
ORGANIZATION - MEMORY DETAILS

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RELATIVELY SIMPLE COMPUTER
ORGANIZATION - FINAL DESIGN

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INCLUDE EXTERNAL ANIMATION
FROM JAVA SIMULATOR HERE

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8085-BASED COMPUTER
SPECIFICATIONS
 2K EPROM starting at 0000H
 256 bytes RAM starting at 2000H
 Four 8-bit I/O ports at 00H, 01H, 19H, and 1AH
 One 6-bit I/O port at 1BH

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DEMULTIPLEXING THE AD SIGNALS

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8085-BASED COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

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SUMMARY

 Basic Computer Organization


 CPU Organization
 Memory Chip Internal Organization
 Memory Subsystem Organization
 I/O Port Organization and Interfacing

Images courtesy of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2001

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