Java Operators
Java Operators
Operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values. For
example, + is an operator used for addition, while * is also an operator used for
multiplication.
Operators in Java can be classified into 5 types:
1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Assignment Operators
3. Relational Operators
4. Logical Operators
5. Unary Operators
6. Bitwise Operators
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1. Java Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations
on variables and data. For example,
a + b;
Here, the + operator is used to add two variables a and b.
Similarly, there are various other arithmetic operators in Java.
Operator Operation
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
Modulo Operation (Remainder after
%
division)
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class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// declare variables
int a = 12, b = 5;
// addition operator
System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b));
// subtraction operator
System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b));
// multiplication operator
System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b));
// division operator
System.out.println("a / b = " + (a / b));
// modulo operator
System.out.println("a % b = " + (a % b));
}
}
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Output
a + b = 17
a - b = 7
a * b = 60
a / b = 2
a % b = 2
In the above example, we have used +, -, and * operators to compute
addition, subtraction, and multiplication operations.
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/ Division Operator
Note the operation, a / b in our program. The / operator is the division
operator.
If we use the division operator with two integers, then the resulting quotient
will also be an integer. And, if one of the operands is a floating-point
number, we will get the result will also be in floating-point.
In Java,
(9 / 2) is 4
(9.0 / 2) is 4.5
(9 / 2.0) is 4.5
(9.0 / 2.0) is 4.5
% Modulo Operator
The modulo operator % computes the remainder. When a = 7 is divided by b = 4, the
remainder is 3.
Note: The % operator is mainly used with integers.
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2. Java Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used in Java to assign values to variables. For example,
int age;
age = 5;
Here, = is the assignment operator. It assigns the value on its right to the variable on
its left. That is, 5 is assigned to the variable age.
Let's see some more assignment operators available in Java.
Operator Example Equivalent to
= a = b; a = b;
+= a += b; a = a + b;
-= a -= b; a = a - b;
*= a *= b; a = a * b;
/= a /= b; a = a / b;
%= a %= b; a = a % b; 2/8/20XX 7
Example 2: Assignment Operators
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// create variables
int a = 4;
int var;
// assign value using =
var = a;
System.out.println("var using =: " + var);
// assign value using =+
var += a;
System.out.println("var using +=: " + var);
}
}
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Output
var using =: 4
var using +=: 8
var using *=: 32
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3. Java Relational Operators
Relational operators are used to check the relationship between two operands.
For example,
// check if a is less than b
a < b;
Here, < operator is the relational operator. It checks if a is less
than b or not.
It returns either true or false.
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Operator Description Example
== Is Equal To 3 == 5 returns false
!= Not Equal To 3 != 5 returns true
> Greater Than 3 > 5 returns false
< Less Than 3 < 5 returns true
>= Greater Than or Equal To 3 >= 5 returns false
<= Less Than or Equal To 3 <= 5 returns true
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Example 3: Relational Operators
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// create variables
int a = 7, b = 11;
// value of a and b
System.out.println("a is " + a + " and b is " + b);
// == operator
System.out.println(a == b); // false
Note: Relational operators are
// != operator
used in decision making and
System.out.println(a != b); // true
loops
// > operator
System.out.println(a > b); // false
// < operator
System.out.println(a < b); // true
// >= operator
System.out.println(a >= b); // false
// <= operator
System.out.println(a <= b); // true
} 2/8/20XX 12
4. Java Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to check whether an expression is true or false. They are used in decision making.
Operator Example Meaning
true only if both expression1 and
&& (Logical AND) expression1 && expression2
expression2 are true
true if either expression1 or
|| (Logical OR) expression1 || expression2
expression2 is true
true if expression is false and vice
! (Logical NOT) !expression
versa
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Example 4: Logical Operators
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// && operator
System.out.println((5 > 3) && (8 > 5)); // true
System.out.println((5 > 3) && (8 < 5)); // false
// || operator
System.out.println((5 < 3) || (8 > 5)); // true
System.out.println((5 > 3) || (8 < 5)); // true
System.out.println((5 < 3) || (8 < 5)); // false
// ! operator
System.out.println(!(5 == 3)); // true
System.out.println(!(5 > 3)); // false
}
}
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Unary Operators in Java
Java unary operators are the types that need only one operand to perform any operation like increment,
decrement, negation, etc. It consists of various arithmetic, logical and other operators that operate on a
single operand. Let’s look at the various unary operators in detail and see how they operate.
Operator 1: Unary minus(-)
This operator can be used to convert a positive value to a negative one.
Syntax:
llustration:
a = -10
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// Java Program to Illustrate Unary - Operator
// Importing required classes
import java.io.*;
// Main class
class GFG {
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Declaring a custom variable
int n1 = 20;
// Printing the above variable
System.out.println("Number = " + n1);
// Performing unary operation
n1 = -n1;
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n1 = -n1;
// Printing the above result number
// after unary operation
System.out.println("Result = " + n1);
}
}
Output
Number = 20
Result = -20
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Operator 2: ‘NOT’ Operator(!)
This is used to convert true to false or vice versa. Basically, it reverses the logical state of an operand.
Syntax:
!(operand)
Illustration:
cond = !true;
// cond < false
Example:
Java
/ Java Program to Illustrate Unary NOT Operator
// Importing required classes
import java.io.*;
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// Main class
class GFG {
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Initializing variables
boolean cond = true;
int a = 10, b = 1;
// Displaying values stored in above variables
System.out.println("Cond is: " + cond);
System.out.println("Var1 = " + a);
System.out.println("Var2 = " + b);
// Displaying values stored in above variables
// after applying unary NOT operator
System.out.println("Now cond is: " + !cond);
System.out.println("!(a < b) = " + !(a < b));
System.out.println("!(a > b) = " + !(a > b));
}
} 2/8/20XX 19
Output:
Cond is: true
Var1 = 10
Var2 = 1
Now cond is: false
!(a < b) = true
!(a > b) = false
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Operator 3: Increment(++)
It is used to increment the value of an integer. It can be used in two separate ways:
3.1: Post-increment operator
When placed after the variable name, the value of the operand is incremented but
the previous value is retained temporarily until the execution of this statement and it
gets updated before the execution of the next statement.
Syntax:
num++
Illustration:
num = 5
num++ = 6
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3.2: Pre-increment operator
When placed before the variable name, the operand’s value is incremented instantly.
Syntax:
++num
Illustration:
num = 5
++num = 6
Operator 4: Decrement(–)
It is used to decrement the value of an integer. It can be used in two separate ways:
4.1: Post-decrement operator
When placed after the variable name, the value of the operand is decremented but the previous values is retained
temporarily until the execution of this statement and it gets updated before the execution of the next statement.
Syntax:
num--
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Illustration:
num = 5
num-- = 5 // Value will be decremented before execution of next statement.
4.2: Pre-decrement operator
When placed before the variable name, the operand’s value is decremented instantly.
Syntax:
--num
Illustration:
num = 5
--num = 5 //output is 5, value is decremented before execution of
++num = 6
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Operator 4: Decrement(–)
It is used to decrement the value of an integer. It can be used in two separate ways:
4.1: Post-decrement operator
When placed after the variable name, the value of the operand is decremented but the previous values is retained
temporarily until the execution of this statement and it gets updated before the execution of the next statement.
Syntax:
num--
Illustration:
num = 5
num-- = 5 // Value will be decremented before execution of next statement.
4.2: Pre-decrement operator
When placed before the variable name, the operand’s value is decremented instantly
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Operator 5: Bitwise Complement(~)
This unary operator returns the one’s complement representation of the input value or operand, i.e, with all bits inverted,
which means it makes every 0 to 1, and every 1 to 0.
Syntax:
~(operand)
Illustration:
a = 5 [0101 in Binary]
result = ~5
This performs a bitwise complement of 5
~0101 = 1010 = 10 (in decimal)
Then the compiler will give 2’s complement
of that number.
2’s complement of 10 will be -6.
result = -6
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// Java program to Illustrate Unary
// Bitwise Complement Operator
// Importing required classes
import java.io.*;
// Main class
class GFG {
// Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Declaring a variable
int n1 = 6, n2 = -2;
// Printing numbers on console
System.out.println("First Number = " + n1);
System.out.println("Second Number = " + n2);
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// Printing numbers on console after
// performing bitwise complement
System.out.println(
n1 + "'s bitwise complement = " + ~n1);
System.out.println(
n2 + "'s bitwise complement = " + ~n2);
}
}
Output:
First Number = 6
Second Number = -2
6's bitwise complement = -7
-2's bitwise complement = 1
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Example program in Java that implements all basic unary operators for user
input:
import
Java java.util.Scanner;
public class UnaryOperators {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
// fro user inputs here is the code.
// System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
// int num = sc.nextInt();
int num = 10;
int result = +num;
System.out.println(
"The value of result after unary plus is: "
+ result);
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result = -num;
System.out.println(
"The value of result after unary minus is: "
+ result);
result = ++num;
System.out.println(
"The value of result after pre-increment is: "
+ result);
result = num++;
System.out.println(
"The value of result after post-increment is: "
+ result);
result = --num;
System.out.println(
"The value of result after pre-decrement is: "
+ result);
result = num--;
System.out.println(
"The value of result after post-decrement is: "
+ result);
}
}
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Output
The value of result after unary plus is: 10
The value of result after unary minus is: -10
The value of result after pre-increment is: 11
The value of result after post-increment is: 11
The value of result after pre-decrement is: 11
The value of result after post-decrement is: 11
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