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Quality Control

This document discusses quality control and statistical process control. It defines quality control and describes its key aspects and elements. It then discusses various statistical process control charts that are used to monitor processes over time and identify sources of variation. The document outlines different types of control charts, including P-charts and C-charts, and explains how they are used to analyze quality data.

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38 views22 pages

Quality Control

This document discusses quality control and statistical process control. It defines quality control and describes its key aspects and elements. It then discusses various statistical process control charts that are used to monitor processes over time and identify sources of variation. The document outlines different types of control charts, including P-charts and C-charts, and explains how they are used to analyze quality data.

Uploaded by

bamneakashfun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quality

Quality
Quality
Quality
Quality
Quality
Quality
Quality
Quality Control
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review
the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO
9000 defines quality control as "A part of quality
management focused on fulfilling quality requirements".
This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined
in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elements such as controls, job management, defined and
well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria,
and identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and
qualifications
Quality Control
Soft elements, such as
personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational
culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality
relationships.
Inspection is a major component of quality control,
where physical product is examined visually (or the
end results of a service are analyzed). Product
inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions
of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or
surface blemishes for example.
Quality Control
Approximate year of first
Terminology Description
use
The application of
statistical methods
Statistical quality control (specifically control
1930s
(SQC) charts and acceptance
sampling) to quality
control.

Stresses involvement of
departments in addition
to production (e.g.,
Total quality control
1956 accounting, design,
(TQC)
finance, human
resources, marketing,
purchasing, sales)
Quality Control
Approximate year of first
Terminology Description
use
The use of control
charts to monitor an
individual industrial
Statistical process process and feed back
1960s
control (SPC) performance to the
operators responsible for
that process; inspired
by control systems

Company-wide quality Japanese-style total


1968
control (CWQC) quality control.
Quality Control
Approximate year of first
Terminology Description
use
Quality movement
originating in the United
States Department of
Defense that uses (in
Total quality
1985 part) the techniques of
management (TQM)
statistical quality control
to drive continuous
organizational
improvement.

Statistical quality control


applied to business
Six Sigma (6σ) 1986
strategy; originated
by Motorola
Statistical Process Control Charts
An SPC chart is used to study the changes in the
process over time. All the data generated from the
process are plotted in time order.
The three main components of an SPC chart are - a
central line (CL) for the average, a lower control line
(LCL) for the lower control unit, and an upper control
line (UCL) for the upper control unit.
Statistical Process Control Charts
Statistical Process Control Charts
SPC charts were initially developed by Dr. Walter A.
Shewhart of Bell Laboratories in the 1920s. This is
why they are also known as Shewhart charts.
 However, they were made popular by Dr. W. Edwards
Deming when he introduced the concept to the
Japanese industry after World War II. Nowadays, SPC
charts have been incorporated by organizations around
the world as one of the primary tools to monitor and
improve the control of a process.
Statistical Process Control Charts
Control limits are the standard deviations located
above and below the center line of an SPC chart.
If the data points are within the control limits, it
indicates that the process is in control (common cause
variation). If there are data points outside of these
control units, it indicates that a process is out of
control (special cause variation).
It is best to plot the data points manually in the early
stages of making an SPC chart. Once the formulas and
meaning is understood, you can use statistical software
to update them.
Statistical Process Control Charts
Types of Control Charts
Types of Control Charts
Types of Control Charts
Types of Control Charts
P-Charts are used for data that is counted. Each data
point is a ratio of its own discrete sample set. P-Charts
can display fraction nonconforming or percent
nonconforming data values.
C-Charts display the number of nonconforming or
conforming items within a consistent unit size, or the
probability of a specific number of occurrences in a
specific period of time.

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