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Auto Transformer

The document discusses autotransformers. It states that an autotransformer has a single winding where portions act as both the primary and secondary windings. Autotransformers have taps on the winding to make electrical connections. They are often smaller, lighter, and cheaper than dual-winding transformers but do not provide electrical isolation between circuits. Autotransformers can provide a wide range of voltages through tapping and have lower losses.

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Muhd Shabeeb A
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209 views11 pages

Auto Transformer

The document discusses autotransformers. It states that an autotransformer has a single winding where portions act as both the primary and secondary windings. Autotransformers have taps on the winding to make electrical connections. They are often smaller, lighter, and cheaper than dual-winding transformers but do not provide electrical isolation between circuits. Autotransformers can provide a wide range of voltages through tapping and have lower losses.

Uploaded by

Muhd Shabeeb A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUNDAMENTALS OF

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
AUTO TRANSFORMER
 An autotransformer is an electrical transformer with only one winding

 In an autotransformer, portions of the same winding act as both the primary


winding and secondary winding sides of the transformer

The autotransformer winding has at least three taps where electrical connections are
made.

 Auto transformers have the advantages of often being smaller, lighter, and cheaper
than typical dual-winding transformers, but the disadvantage of not
providing electrical isolation between primary and secondary circuits.

Other advantages of autotransformers include lower leakage reactance, lower losses,


AUTO TRANSFORMER …

 Autotransformer is a single winding transformer that works on the principle of Faraday’s


Law of electromagnetic induction.

 Auto transformer can be single and three-phase.

 Due to single winding, autotransformers have fewer losses, more efficient and robust.

 By taking tapping on the secondary side, a wide range of voltage can be obtained.
WORKING PRINCPLE …

 The principle of the autotransformer is the same as two winding transformers.

 It works on the principle of Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic Induction, according to


which whenever there is a relative change in magnetic field and conductors, an emf is
induced in the conductors.
WORKING PRINCPLE …

 Autotransformer has single winding.

 When an alternating supply is given to the primary circuit, because of Faraday’s Law of
electromagnetic Induction, an emf is induced in the primary part.

 Since the magnetic field is alternating in nature, and conductors are stationary.

 The induced emf in primary produces a flux, which is called as primary winding flux.

 This flux links the secondary winding and induces an emf on secondary winding due to
mutual induction.

 Hence emf is transferred in the secondary winding.

 Based on a number of turns on the secondary side, the magnitude of induced emf is
WORKING PRINCPLE …
 The emf equation of induced emf is given as

E=4.44∅Nf

 This can be generalized for both primary winding emf and secondary winding emf. If we take
ratio we get as

E1/E2 =N1/N2 =k

 It could be seen that the magnitude of induced emf is directly proportional to a number of
turns.

 If a number of turns are greater on the secondary side, it is called a step-up autotransformer.

 If several turns are less, it is called a step-down autotransformer. It is also observed that, in
two winding transformers, flux links the secondary winding through the core of the
transformer.
WORKING PRINCPLE …
• There is no electrical link between primary and secondary.
• For that reason, the transformer is called as electrically isolated but magnetically coupled
device.
• But for an autotransformer, there is no electrical isolation. There is only one winding.
• For this reason, autotransformer is called as electrically and magnetically coupled device.
• The nature emf induced is statically induced emf. In autotransformer, energy is
transferred through both induction and conduction.
• It is to be noted that, for induction of emf on the primary side, as per Faraday’s Law of
Electromagnetic induction, there must be relative change between the magnetic field and
set of conductors.
• For this reason, we get AC voltage on the primary side, which is alternating in nature.
• If we give, DC, then autotransformer or two winding transformers will not operate,
because of the constant nature of supply. Hence we say that the transformer does not
operate in DC.
• In fact due to low resistance of primary winding, when DC supply is given, due to large
currents, the winding will burn.
WELDING TRANSFORMER
 A welding transformer is a step-down transformer capable of delivering the high current
required for arc welding.

Welding Transformers are used in AC machines to change alternating current from the
power line into a low-voltage, high amperage current in the secondary winding.

CONSTRUCTION OF WELDING TRANSFORMER:

 It has a magnetic core with primary winding which is thin and has large number of turns
on one arm.

 A secondary winding with less number of turns and high cross-sectional area on the other
arm.
CONSTRUCTION OF WELDING TRANSFORMER …
 Due to this type of windings in primary and
secondary it behaves as step down
transformer.
So we get less voltage and high current from
the secondary winding output.
This is the construction of AC welding
transformer.
 A dc welding transformer also has same type
of winding the only difference is that we
connect a rectifier (which converts ac to dc) at
the secondary to get dc output.
We also connect an inductor or filter to
smooth the dc current. This will
be construction of dc welding transformer.
WORKING PRINCIPLE

 As it is a step down transformer, we have less voltage at secondary which is nearly 15 to 45


volts and has high current values which is nearly 200 A to 600 A.

 It can also be higher than this value.

 For adjusting the voltage on secondary side there are tapings on secondary winding by this we
can get required amount of secondary current for welding.

 These tapings are connected to several high current switches. Now one end of secondary
winding is connected to the welding electrode and the other end is connected to the welding
pieces as shown in figure.

 When a high current flows a large amount of heat is produced due to contact resistance
between welding pieces and electrode.

 Because of this high heat the tip of electrode melts and fills the gap between the welding
THANK YOU !!

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