Creative Writing Various

elements, techniques, and

literary devices in various
modes of Fiction

Ms. Clariza S. Acido

OBJECTIVES

1. identify the various elements, techniques, and

literary devices in various modes fiction
(HUMSS_CW/MPIg-1-11)
2. appreciate some literary pieces which used
various identify the various elements, techniques,
and literary devices.
WHAT I
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Identify what is being
KNOW?
defined in each number. Choose the letter of the correct answer and
write your answers on your answer sheet.

1. __ is an element of a short story or prose which is the

vantage point, perspective, or angle from which the
story is told.
a. Point of view
b. character
c. plot
d. setting
WHAT I
KNOW?
2. __ is a type of character who is central to the story
with all major events having some importance to this
character.
a. narrator
b. antagonist
c. protagonist
d. reader
WHAT I
KNOW?
3. __ is the series of events of a story. Freytag’s
Pyramid is the other term for this. It is a planned,
logical series of events having a beginning, middle, and
end.
a. Point of view
b. character
c. plot
d. setting
WHAT I
KNOW?
4. It is a kind of plot where the story starts with
an introduction of the characters and setting and
involves the development of the story.

a. Modular/episodic
b. verbal
c. linear
d. dramatic
WHAT I
KNOW?
5. A Plot device technique used to focus the
reader’s, but not the characters’ attention on
an object, or location is called __.

a. Flashing arrow
b. Red Herring
c. Deathtrap
d. In medias res
WHAT I
KNOW?
6. A plot device that distracts the reader’s
attention from the plot twist. It is used to
maintain tension and uncertainty is _ ?
a. Flashing arrow
b. Red Herring
c. Deathtrap
d. In medias res
WHAT I
KNOW?
7. A Vision Technique where series of dreams
which allows the character to see events that
occur or have occurred in another time is
called __. Weeks 5-6

a. Prophecy b. Dream Sequence

c. Analepsis d. Prolepsis
WHAT I
KNOW?
8. It is an abrupt ending that leaves the plot
incomplete, without denouement, it often
leaves characters in a precarious or difficult
situation which hint at the possibility of a
sequel.

a. Deus ex Machina b. Happy Ending

c. Twist Ending d.
WHAT I
KNOW?
9. It is the general emotional weather of the
literary piece.

a. irony
b. dramatic premise
c. tone
d. theme
WHAT I
KNOW?
10.The character’s Struggle takes place in
his/her own mind. It is usually has something
to do with a choice (choosing between right or
wrong), or it may have to do with overcoming
emotions or mixed feelings.

a. Major Conflict b. Minor

Conflict c. Internal
Learning Task I. Arrange to Know
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letter to identify the words that are relevant to our topic.
Definitions will help you to determine the hidden words
 What is Literature?

Literature, in its broadest sense, is any written work;

etymologically the term derives from Latin literatura/litteratura
"writing formed with letters", although some definitions
include spoken or sung texts.
"Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it.
It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life
requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the
deserts that our lives have already become.”
- C.S. Lewis, a
British scholar and novelist.
 Importance Of Literature

1.Serves as an art form used for expression

2.reserves cultural ideals, customs, and morals.
3.gives us a deeper context into the lives and
4.livelihood of people distinct from ourselves.
 What is a genre? \zhän-rə\
It is a French word for "kind" or "sort is the term for any
category of literature or other forms of art or entertainment, e.g.
music, whether written or spoken, audial or visual, based on
some set of stylistic criteria.

What is Prose?
Prose is a form of language that possesses ordinary syntax and
natural speech rather than rhythmic structure; in which regard,
along with its measurement in sentences rather than lines, it
differs from poetry.
Prose comprises of full grammatical sentences, which consist of
paragraphs, and forgoes aesthetic appeal in favor of clear,
straightforward language.

It can be said to be the most reflective of conversational speech.

Some works of prose do have versification, and a blend of the
two formats that is called “prose poetry.”
Example of a Poetry Verse vs. the Prose Form

Following is a poetry verse from a popular work

of Robert Frost:

“The woods are lovely, dark and deep.

But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.”

(Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, by Robert Frost)

Prose Form
Following is the same sentiment written in prose form:

“The woods look lovely against the setting darkness and as I

gaze into the mysterious depths of the forest, I feel like
lingering here longer. However, I have pending appointments
to keep, and much distance to cover before I settle in for the
night, or else I will be late for all of them.”

The above paragraph is conveying a similar message, but it is conveyed in ordinary

language, without a formal metrical structure to bind it
 Function of Prose

1.Authors feel great utilizing when communicating or passing on their thoughts

and considerations.

2. It is the standard style of composing utilized for most spoken exchanges,

anecdotal just as effective and genuine composition, and talks.

3. It is additionally the normal language utilized in papers, magazines, writing,

reference books, broadcasting, theory, law, history, technical studies, and

numerous different types of correspondence

 Some Common Types of Prose

Nonfictional Prose:
A literary work like essays, biographies and autobiographies that
are mainly based on fact, though it may contain fictional elements
in certain cases.
A biography is an account of a person's life, written by someone else. An autobiography is an account
of a person's life, written by that person.

Sample Essay:
The Essay OF STUDIES by Sir Francis Bacon is the first essay in the
series of ten essays published in 1597.
Fictional Prose
Holistically or partially imagined stories like novels and stories
The Lord of The Rings
Don Quixote

Don Quixote is a classic novel from 1605 which portraits the life and insightful journey of Don Quixote de la Mancha, a Spanish man who seems to
be losing his mind on his quest to become a knight and restore chivalry alongside with a farmer named Sancho Panza, with whom he fights multiple
Heroic Prose:
A literary work that might be recorded or
recounted, and which utilizes a significant number
of the standard articulations found in oral custom.
Models are legends and stories.
Epics and Legends may be examples of this. Even
Mythology fables and parables.
Biag ni Lam-Ang (Ilocano Epic)- Lam-Ang's first adventure was his
quest for his father who had gone to fight the Igorots and never came
back.

The Iliad, set during the Trojan War, tells the

story of the wrath of Achilles. The Odyssey
tells the story of Odysseus as he travels home
from the war. The two epics provided the basis
of Greek education and culture in the Classical
age, and they have remained among the most
significant poems of the European tradition.
Prose Poetry: A literary work that shows poetic characteristics and nature and
utilizing passionate impacts and elevated symbolism. However these are written
in exposition rather than section.
Examples of Prose in Literature
Prose in Novels
This is usually written in the form of a narrative and may be entirely a figment of
the author’s imagination.
Example #1: David Copperfield (By Charles Dickens)

“Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station
will beheld by anybody else, these pages must show.”

Example #2: Anna Karenina (By Leo Tolstoy)

“Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.”
Prose in Speeches
Prose used in speeches often expresses thoughts and ideas of the speaker.

Example #3: Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech (By Mother Teresa)
“The poor are very great people. They can teach us so many beautiful
things.”

Example #4: Equal Rights for Women speech (By U.S. Congresswoman Shirley
Chisholm)
“As for the marriage laws, they are due for a sweeping reform, and an
excellent beginning would be to wipe the existing ones off the books.”

These prose examples have been taken from speeches where the writing is often
crisp and persuasive and suits the occasion to convey a specific message.
Prose in Plays
Prose written in plays aims to be dramatic and eventful.

Example #5: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (By Tennessee Williams)

“You can be young without money, but you can’t be old without it.”

Example #6: As You Like It (By William Shakespeare)

“All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players.”

Prose in plays is frequently in conversational mode and is conveyed by a character.

Notwithstanding, its style remains the equivalent all through the play as indicated by
the character of the character. Fiction incorporates short stories, books, fantasies,
anecdotes, sentiments, and legends. For the most part, center around one or a couple
of significant characters that manage issues or challenges in their lives
Questions to Ponder:

Can you recall some of your favorite prose literary pieces way back in
elementary and junior high school? Can you identify if it is a story in a novel
or a short story or a speech or a script of a play?

What is the common elements that you can recall about particularly in
Fiction?
A. Elements of Fictional Prose

I. SETTING - The time and location in which a story takes place is called the
setting.
There are several aspects of a story's setting to consider when examining how
setting contributes to a story (some, or all, may be present in a story):

a) place - geographical location.

b) time - When is the story taking place?
c) weather conditions - Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc?
d) social conditions - What is the daily life of the characters like?
e) mood or atmosphere - What feeling is created at the beginning of the
story?
II. CHARACTER

A. – People who take part in the story

B. – Individuals that do the action in the story
C. – The representation of a person in the story
D. – Is revealed by the tone of voice
E. – Occasionally, it could be an animal or object given human
qualities
F. – There are two meanings for the word character:
G. The person in a work of fiction.
H. The characteristics of a person.
Protagonist – the chief figure who struggles against opposing
forces
Antagonist – the force, most often another character, that
opposes the protagonist
Dynamic Character – one whose attitudes and values are
affected by the events in the story
Flat Character – a character having only a single trait or quality
Round Character – a multi-dimensional or a complex character
Static Character – one whose personality, attitudes, and beliefs
remain fixed, nomatter what kinds of situations he encounters
Characterization - The development of characters as done by the short story writer.
The way in which an author presents and reveals his/her characters.

Ways to do Characterization
Direct presentation
– the author makes explicit/outright statements or explanations about the
characters
Examples:
* As the years passed, Makato grew tall and handsome.
*He never idled. He never complained and was always satisfied.
* He did every kind of work—carrying heavy things, clearing away the forest,
or feeding pigs.
Indirect presentation
– the author reveals the characters through actions and dialogues
Example:
* “I would like to go on a journey for an adventure,” said Makato.
III. PLOT
The plot is the logical arrangement of events in a story or play. The plot is a
organized. logical series of events having a beginning, middle, and end.
KINDS OF PLOT
1. Linear Plot
In literature, a linear plot begins at a certain point, moves through a series of events to a
climax and then ends up at another point.
Also known as the plot structure of Aristotle, it is possible to represent a linear plot line
with the drawing of an arc.
The primary advantage of using a linear plot is that the reader knows, or atleast has an idea,
of where the plot goes next, and the reader is guaranteed to get a beginning and ending.

a) Introduction - The beginning of the story where the characters and the setting is
revealed.
b) Rising Action - This is where the events in the story become complicated and the
conflict in the story is revealed (events between the introduction and climax).
c) Climax - This is the highest point of interest and the turning point of the story.
The reader wonders what will happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not?
d) Falling action - The events and complications begin to resolve themselves. The
reader knows what has happened next and if the conflict was resolved or not (events
between climax and denouement).
e) Denouement - This is the final outcome or untangling of events in the story.
2. Modular Plot

Nonlinear narrative, disjointed narrative or disrupted narrative is a narrative

technique, sometimes used in literature, film, hypertext websites and other narratives, where
events are portrayed, for example out of chronological order, or in other ways where the
narrative does not follow the direct causality pattern of the events featured, such as parallel
distinctive plot lines, dream immersions or narrating another story inside the main plot-line.

It is often used to mimic the structure and recall of human memory, but has been applied
for other reasons as well.

It doesn’t move in a chronological order, instead jumping around within the story or
between different stories. Sometimes, the different sections don’t even feature the same
characters or world. Instead, they are united by thematic meaning.
3. Episodic Plot
Made up of a series of chapters or stories linked together by the same character, place, or
theme but held apart by their individual plot, purpose, and subtext.
IV. CONFLICT –

Conflict is essential to plot. It is the opposition of forces which ties one

incident to another and makes the plot move. Within a short story there
may be only one central struggle, or there may be one dominant struggle
with many minor ones.

There are two types of Conflict:

1) External - A struggle with a force outside one's self.

2) Internal - A struggle within one's self; a person must make some
decision,
overcome pain, quiet their temper, resist an urge, etc.
Various Kinds of Conflict:

1) Man vs. Man (physical) - The leading character struggles with his
physical strength against other men, forces of nature, or animals. A
character struggles with another.
Various Kinds of Conflict:

1) Man vs. Man (physical)

Various Kinds of Conflict:

2) Man vs. Circumstances (classical) - The leading character struggles

against fate, or the circumstances of life facing him/her.

Example:

Being poor you feel desperate and steal things to others and now the police
will try to arrest you. In the example the first conflict is your poor and that
is a man vs circumstance.
Various Kinds of Conflict:

3) Man vs. Nature - A character struggles with a force of nature (natural

disaster, desolation, animal, etc.) Usually, the character is struggling to
survive.
Various Kinds of Conflict:

4) Man vs. Society - In this conflict, a character, or a group of

characters fight against the society in which they live.
The character fights against social traditions or rules (fight for freedom,
rights, for a cause etc.) Society becomes a “character” of its own.
Usually used to comment on positive or negative aspects for real society.
(SATIRE)
Various Kinds of
Conflict:

45) Man vs. Self - The

character’s Struggle takes
place in his/her own mind.
Usually has something to
do with a choice (choosing
between right or wrong), or
it may have to do with
overcoming emotions or
mixed feelings.
Various Kinds of Conflict:

6) Man vs. Supernatural - is a

conflict between a character and
something that is not normal in some
way. Supernatural elements include
ghosts, omens, and superstitions.

Example: Predator
- The U.S government hires a team
of commandos. The group of goes to
Guatemala. There they battle and
invisible extraterrestrial with
superhuman strength.
Various Kinds of Conflict:

8) Man vs. Technology - The protagonist

must overcome a machine or technology. This type of conflict is a
Most often the encounter with the machine or powerful tool for authors to
technology is through the character's explore existential questions and
own doing. For example, it may be create fast-paced action
technology or a machine that they created,
purchased, or owned with the assumption that
it would make their life easier. Over
time the protagonist must overcome the
technology, in some instances, even
destroying it before it destroys them.
Various Kinds of Conflict:

7) Man vs. Fate

This type of Conflicts occurs when

is trapped by an inevitable
destiny, freedom and free.