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1 - Basic Instrumentaion Introduction

The document provides an overview of basic instrumentation. It discusses that instrumentation is used to achieve and maintain desired system requirements by observing surrounding conditions, comparing them to requirements, and taking corrective actions. The key components of an instrumentation system are sensors to measure process variables, a controller to compare measurements and requirements and decide actions, and final control elements to implement actions. Instrumentation allows moving from manual to automatic process control. Common process variables include pressure, temperature, flow, which are measured by transmitters that convert readings to standard signals for controllers.

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22 views18 pages

1 - Basic Instrumentaion Introduction

The document provides an overview of basic instrumentation. It discusses that instrumentation is used to achieve and maintain desired system requirements by observing surrounding conditions, comparing them to requirements, and taking corrective actions. The key components of an instrumentation system are sensors to measure process variables, a controller to compare measurements and requirements and decide actions, and final control elements to implement actions. Instrumentation allows moving from manual to automatic process control. Common process variables include pressure, temperature, flow, which are measured by transmitters that convert readings to standard signals for controllers.

Uploaded by

chbabu302
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Instrumentation

Delivered by: Rahat Sarwar


Basic Instrumentation

Instrumentation
Introduction
Basic Instrumentation

Introduction
Any system used to achieve and maintain its
desired requirements (target) is called
instrumentation.
It also rejects any abnormality or disturbance.
These targets are achieved in three steps,

Observe (Surrounding conditions).


Decide (Compare with requirements)
Act (To perform corrective actions).
Basic Instrumentation
Concept of Instrumentation
Brain

Measure / Observe
weather, traffic, speed

Compare / Decide
Increase or decrease speed

Control / Act
Performs control by muscles
Basic Instrumentation
Manual Process Control Example # 1
Manually temperature control without instrumentation.
Basic Instrumentation
Manual Process Control Example # 2
Manually temperature control with half instrumentation.
Basic Instrumentation
Automatic Process Control
Automatic temperature control with full instrumentation.
Basic Instrumentation

Operation Performed by a Control Loop.


• Measurement
• Decision
• Action

Basic Components of a Control Loop.


• Sensor / Transmitters
• Controller
• Final Control Element
Basic Instrumentation
Process Variables
Physical Variables Chemical Variables
 Pressure  pH
 Temperature  Conductivity
 Level  Oxygen in Flue Gas
 Flow  Oxygen in Liquids
 Vibration
 Oxygen in Process Gas
 Displacement
 CH4
 Speed
 CO
 Acceleration
 CO2
 Expansion
 Velocity  Ar
 NH3
Terminologies

• Measurement: A measurement is a result that we obtain by measuring


something with a standard unit.

• Control: To control a process, machine or system means to make it work in


the way that is required to achieve useful & economic results.

• Process Variable (PV): A quantity that can be measured and can change in
an industrial process is called a process variable, for example: Pressure,
Temperature, Level, Flow, etc.

• Controlled Variable: The variable that must be maintained or controlled at


some desired value.
Terminologies

Manipulated Variable (MV): The variable used to maintain the


controlled variable at its set point.

Transmitter (TX): A device which converts measured value in to


a standard signal.

Control Valve (CV): A device directly changes the value of the

manipulated variable by changing flow rate.


Basic Instrumentation

Types of Transmitters

Pneumatic Transmitters Electronic Transmitters


Types of Transmitters

Pneumatic Transmitters Electronic Transmitters

Pneumatic Transmitters Electronic Transmitters


Types of Transmitters

Pneumatic Transmitters
Types of Transmitters

Electronic Transmitters
Plant Process
Control Room View
Q & A Session ????

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