CUIT 216:

WEBSITE DESIGN AND E-BUSINESS

INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET COMPUTING

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the course students should be able to:
 Identify the principles of graphic design using electronic media and the technical
aspects of working with the web
 Describe the major concepts of internet computing, the Internet architecture
including hardware, information transfer, and management implications as well
as defining key terms in e-business.
 Demonstrate a good understanding of web programming by creating web pages
that utilize HTML, and Dreamweaver and web-authoring software.
 Implement JavaScript programming to validate, and insert security features to 2

websites
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

Use PHP to link website fields to a database

Evaluate the essence of m-commerce, benefits and limitations also
outline m-marketing and m-payment.
Design and evaluate websites.
Describe and implement the security aspects associated with e-
business security. 3
 COURSE SYNOPSIS
 DOM
Internet computing
 Web Templates
HTML
 E-Commerce Business Models
Cascading Style Sheets and Concepts
Webpage, UI & New Media  Building An E-commerce
Design Concepts Website
Javascript  E- Payments, E-Security & Web
XAMPP, PHP and Databases Threats 4


 COURSE ASSESSMENT

In-class Test: 10%

Group Project: 10%
Individual Project on Website Development: 20%
Final Examination: 60%
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INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET COMPUTING

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 INTERNET
– Internet
• A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of
data, news and opinions.
– Internet Protocol Address (IP Address)
• Computer address to connect to the Internet, made up of four bytes of information, expressed as four
numbers between 0 and 255.
• Managed by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
– World Wide Web
• A system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents. The documents are formatted in
a markup language called HTML (HyperText Markup Language) that supports links to other documents, as
well as graphics, audio, and video files.

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS?
– Internet Protocol (IP) Address
• made up of four bytes of information (totalling 32 bits)
• expressed as four numbers between 0 and
255 shown separated by periods
• example : 238.17.159.4
• managed by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
– Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP)
• is a language that computers on the Internet
use to communicate with each other
– Packet
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• is a smaller piece of Information

DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM

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DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM

• an Alphabetical parallel to the IP number

system, managed by InterNIC
• usually appear in the name.type.country
format
• ‘name’ refers to the ISP’s name
• ‘type’ refers to the type of organization
the ISP is
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HIERARCHY OF DOMAINS

A domain name consists of one or more parts, technically

called labels, that are conventionally concatenated, and delimited
by dots, such as example.com
The right-most label conveys the top-level domain; for example,
the domain name www.example.com belongs to the top-level
domain com.
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SUB-DOMAINS
 It is a sub-division of the main domain name.
 The hierarchy of domains descends from right to left; each label to the left
specifies a subdivision, or subdomain of the domain to the right.
 The label example specifies a subdomain of the com domain, and www is a sub
domain of example.com. This tree of subdivisions may have up to 127 levels.
- www.doepud.co.uk
 The top-level domain (TLD), in Doepud's case is uk.
 The co part is shorthand for commercial and combined .co.uk is called a
second-level domain (SLD). 12
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM

 Some common top-level domain names by type organization:

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DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM
 Or by country. ‘country’ refers to the country from which the ISP
operates.

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URL

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 URL
Stands for Uniform Resource Locator
URL - Represents the name of a file on a remote computer
– http://www.msu.edu/~urquhar5/tour/active.html
The 3 basic parts of a URL are:
– Protocol
– Domain Name
– Path 16
 PATH

http://www.learnthenet.com/web-at-a-glance/url-anatomy/page_01.php
web-at-a-glance -- This is a directory or folder on the web server that
contains a group of related web pages within the website.
url-anatomy -- This is a folder inside the "web-at-a-glance" folder
page_01.php -- This is a web page inside the folder. (The same file
might be named page_01.html)
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 PROTOCOLS
 Agreements between sender and receiver regarding how data are sent and
interpreted
 In other words, : Interprets what is to be done and how.

 Services such as Telnet, FTP, Internet gaming, and e-mail are all part of the
Internet.
 All Web pages are written in the hyper-text markup language (HTML), which
works in conjunction with HTTP.
 Interaction between Browser and Server is governed by the HTTP protocol 18
 HTTP

 Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the method used to transfer Web pages
to your computer.
 It takes care of the communication between a web server and a web browser.

 World Wide Web uses HTTP Servers, better known as web server

 Receive HTTP type request and send requested file in packets.

 It is used for sending requests from a web client (a browser) to a web server,
returning web content (web pages) from the server back to the client. 19
HTTPS

HTTPS - Secure HTTP:

Takes care of secure communication between a web server and a
web browser.
It typically handles credit card transactions and other sensitive
data.
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COMPLEX URL EXAMPLE

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 QUERY
 A query is commonly found in the URL of dynamic pages (ones which
are generated from database or user-generated content) and is
represented by a question mark followed by one or more parameters.

 The query directly follows the domain name, path or port number.

 For example, have a look at this URL which was generated by Google
when doing a search for the word URL:
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http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=url&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.
 PARAMETERS
 Parameters are snippets of information found in the query string of a URL.

http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=url&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-GB:of
ficial&client=firefox-a.
 The parameters are:

– q=url
– ie=utf-8
– oe=utf-8
– aq=t
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– rls=org.mozilla:en-GB:official
PATH

 It typically refers to a file or directory on the web server, e.g.

/directory/file.php.

 Sometimes the file name won't be specified, e.g.

http://doepud.co.uk/blog/ so a web browser will automatically look
inside the /blog/ folder for a file called index or default.

 If neither can be found, a 404 Not Found error will usually be returned
by the server. 24
WORLD WIDE WEB

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 WORLD WIDE WEB
 The Internet is host to a number of services which its users use to communicate
with one another.
 Most of these services deal with information and how it is accessed.
 The World Wide Web is one such service.
 As it stands, the WWW service of the Internet is the most popular amongst all,
next to e-mail.
 The reasons for its popularity is because of:
o The Web is relatively easy to use compared to most of the other services.
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o The Web is one of the first graphical interface to the Internet.
 WORLD WIDE WEB

A system of Internet servers that support specially formatted

documents.
The documents are formatted in a markup language called HTML
(HyperText Markup Language) that supports links to other
documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video files.
Not all Internet servers are part of the World Wide Web.
Applications called Web browsers (e.g. Firefox, Ms Edge, Google
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Chrome) make it easy to access the World Wide Web.

 HOW THE WWW WORKS
 The WWW follows a relatively simple process.

 Whenever a user types a URL into a browser, the user’s computer would send out a query onto the
closest DNS.
 Once a DNS returns the IP address of the URL, the user’s computer (client) will establish a direct
connection to the IP address’s physical computer (host).
 When a connection is established, the client computer will send a request for a piece of information,
usually a .html file.
 The host would, then, process this request and send the file back to the
client.
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 The time taken to complete the entire process varies according to Internet
INTERNET SERVERS

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INTERNET SERVERS

Some different types of servers include:

o Mail servers
o Database servers
o Proxy servers
o Web server
o File server
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o Domain name server

 1. WEB SERVERS

A Web server is a computer or software program that maps URL

requests from a Web client (typically a browser) to a resource that
will handle the request and return a response to the client.
The Web client and the Web server use HTTP to communicate over
a TCP network.
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WEB SERVERS
Handling a client request consists of several key steps:
– Parsing the request message
– Checking that the request is authorized
– Associating the URL in the request with a file name
– Constructing the response message
– Transmitting the response message to the requesting client

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WEB SERVERS

The server can generate the response message in a

variety of ways:
i. The server simply retrieves the file associated with
the URL and returns the contents to the client.
ii. The server may invoke a script that communicates
with other servers or a back-end database to
construct the response message 33
WEB-SITE VS. WEB-SERVER

Web site and Web server are different

A Web site consists of a collection of Web pages
associated with a particular hostname.
A Web server is a program to satisfy client requests
for Web resources.
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 WEB SERVER SOFTWARE
Operating system tasks include running programs and allocating
computer resources.
Linux: Open-source operating system that is easy to install, fast, and
efficient.
Examples of popular Web server programs are:
o Apache HTTP Server

o Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS)

o Sun Java System Web Server (JSWS) 35

o
APACHE HTTP SERVER
"HTTP server" is another term for Web server.
It is an open-source HTTP server for modern operating systems
including UNIX and Windows.
Apache has dominated the Web since 1996 because it is free (open
source) and performs efficiently.

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 DYNAMIC CONTENT
 Dynamic content is non-static information constructed in response to a Web client’s request.
 Dynamic page: Web page whose content is shaped by a program in response to user requests.
 Static page: An unchanging page retrieved from disk.
 Server-side scripting :

– Programs running on a Web server create Web pages before sending them back to the
requesting Web clients through some dynamic page-generation technologies:
– Server side scripts are combined with html tags to create dynamic content

o Active Server Pages (ASP)

o JavaServer Pages (JSP) 37

o PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)

DYNAMIC WEB PAGES

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2. DOMAIN NAME SERVER

A domain name server maintains look up tables with

domain names matched to their IP addresses
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

– Provide commercial Internet access

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INTERNET VS INTRANET

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