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Evidences of Evolution

This document provides an overview of the various types of evidence that support the theory of evolution. It discusses fossil evidence, anatomical evidence from comparative anatomy and homologous/analogous structures, embryological evidence, molecular evidence from shared genetic material and proteins, and biogeographical evidence from the distribution of species. Specific examples are given for each type of evidence, like Lucy the Australopithecus fossil, homologous wings of insects and bats, and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The document concludes that together, these multiple independent lines of evidence preserved in the fossil record, similarities in living organisms, and observations of change over time provide strong support for the modern scientific theory of evolution.

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17 views27 pages

Evidences of Evolution

This document provides an overview of the various types of evidence that support the theory of evolution. It discusses fossil evidence, anatomical evidence from comparative anatomy and homologous/analogous structures, embryological evidence, molecular evidence from shared genetic material and proteins, and biogeographical evidence from the distribution of species. Specific examples are given for each type of evidence, like Lucy the Australopithecus fossil, homologous wings of insects and bats, and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The document concludes that together, these multiple independent lines of evidence preserved in the fossil record, similarities in living organisms, and observations of change over time provide strong support for the modern scientific theory of evolution.

Uploaded by

cocosarang439
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENERAL BIOLOGY 2

EVIDENCES
OF
EVOLUTION

MaoInSp
ace
MARILYN A. ONGKIKO
MAED - SCIENCE ED.
8204285
Fossils are remains of ancient EVIDENCE FROM
organisms trapped in rocks, tar pits,
frozen in ice, or embedded in
FOSSILS
amber.
EVIDENCE FROM
Fossils let you FOSSILS
visualize the past.

Evidences Found in Fossils


• type of climate and ecosystem
• age of Earth and other species
• geologic relationship
• mineral deposits
• evolutionary phases in organisms
LUCY
Australopithecus afarensis
FOSSIL RECORDS
Lucy lived about halfway between
apes and humans, sharing
characteristics with both, our closest
human ancestor.
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
EVIDENCES
Structures in different
organisms can be compared
to infer common lineage.

HOMOLOGOUS
ANALOOUS
VESTIGIOUS
ANATOMICAL
Homologous
EVIDENCE
Structure
Similar physical features in
organisms that share a
common ancestor.

Features that are similar in


structure but appear in
different organisms and have
different functions
ANATOMICAL
EVIDENCE

Analogous Structure
Some similar structures of organisms, not sharing
the same ancestry, but serves similar purpose.

Similirities indicates how organisms adapt to its


environment for survival and possible
evolutionary change.
ANATOMICAL
Vestigial Structure
EVIDENCE
Structures or attributes that have lost
most of its ancestral function in more
recent species

Most are still structurally evident in


the organism but no longer used or
serves it (definite) purpose .
Modern toothed dolphin
Evolution
• Reduction of hind limbs

• Front limbs flattened into fins

• Dorsal fin

• Streamlining

biology.stackexchange.com/questions/65743/does-evolution-go-only-in-
one-direction
EMBRYOLOGICAL
EVIDENCE
Common structures are shared in
the embryo stage of very
different organisms that
eventually disappear by the time
the embryo reaches
the juvenile or adult form
suggest evolution from a
common ancestor.

fish salamander turtle chicken human


MOLECULAR Living organisms share:
EVIDENCE • The same genetic material
(DNA)
• The same, or highly similar
genetic codes.
• The same basic process of
gene expression (transcription
and translation).
• The same molecular building
blocks, such as amino acids.
MOLECULAR Cytochrome C
is a mitochondrial protein
EVIDENCE that is involved in the
electron transport chain
during ATP synthesis.

Its major role is to carry


electrons from one complex
of integral membrane
proteins of the inner
mitochondrial membrane to
another.
BIOGRAPHICAL EVIDENCE

Similar organisms may also be


found in different locations which
could mean that the two places
were previously connected and
possible migration of organisms.
Today’s humans
come from 3 main
lineages- African,
Asian, and
European descent.
Genetically, there
are not separate
races, but there are
unique features
associated with
each lineage.
BIOGRAPHICAL
EVIDENCE
Ancestral species would
evolve and increse in
diversity in isolation.

Uniquely evolved species


are related to species on the
nearest continent.
Recent Evidences of Evolution
• Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
• Pesticide Resistance
• Variation in the Beaks of Finches
• Industrial Melanism in Peppered Moth
• Domestication of Dogs
• Cultivation of Crops
• Mosquito mutation
• Reemerging diseases such as malaria,
tuberculosis, cholera, pertussis, influenza,
pneumococcal disease, and gonorrhea, etc.
EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
preserved remains of previously
FOSSIL RECORDS living organisms provides a historical MICROBIOLOGY
image of the past
at some level, organisms
possess the same genetic
analogous and homologous features molecules that reflects genetic
STRUCTURES in different species explains how evolution
species evolved

supports the theory that organisms


have a common ancestor and explains
EMBRYOLOGY why embryos develop into different
species over time

distribution of organisms on Earth follows


BIOGEOGRAPHY patterns that are best explained by evolution
REFERENCES
clarkscience8.weebly.com/law-of-superposition--index-fossils.html
sciencing.com/darwins-four-main-ideas-evolution-8293806.html
www.encyclopedia.com/earth-and-environment/ecology-and-environmentalism/
environmental-studies/neo-darwinism#:~:text=Neo-Darwinism%2C%20the%20modern
%20version,main%20force%20of%20evolutionary%20change.
www.expii.com/t/biochemical-evidence-of-evolution-overview-examples-10259
microbiologynote.com/embryological-evolution/
blog.prepscholar.com/analogous-homologous-structures-examples-definition
www.boem.gov/sites/default/files/about-boem/BOEM-Regions/Alaska-Region/ICAM/
1994-ICAM/ICAM92-405.pdf
www.thoughtco.com/about-analogous-structures-1224491
study.com/academy/lesson/biogeography-definitions-examples.html
pentextbc.ca/conceptsofbiologyopenstax/chapter/evidence-of-evolution/

**template, stock and grapic images and video clips from Canva

MARILYN A. ONGKIKO
MAED - SCIENCE ED.
2ND Sem, 2021
SED 404/406

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